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USA Pathophysiology Exam 2 questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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USA Pathophysiology Exam 2 questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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USA Pathophysiology Exam 2What is the circumstance in which the blood glucose is excessive in a pt? - ANSDiabetes
After a pt has been fasting for eight hours, what ranges could suggest prediabetes? -
ANS100-125mg/dL
After a pt has been fasting for 8 hours, what levels might imply diabetes? - ANSGreater than
125mg/dL
A glucose tolerance take a look at has been achieved, what ranges imply prediabetes? -
ANS140-199mg/dL
A glucose tolerance take a look at has been achieved, what levels imply diabetes? -
ANSGreater than 2 hundred mg/dL
What is the A1C value? - ANSThe blood glucose stage over the past 3 months
Looking at an A1C value, what is considered regular? - ANSLess than five.7%
Looking at an A1C price, what's taken into consideration prediabetes? - ANS5.7% - 6.4%
Looking at an A1C fee, what is taken into consideration diabetes? - ANS6.Five% or higher
What is the role of the pancreas? - ANSSecrete insulin and glucagon to alter blood glucose tiers
Which cells secrete Glucagon? - ANSAlpha cells
What cells secrete Insulin? - ANSBeta cells
Which tissues do insulin target? - ANSStriated muscle
Adipose tissue
Liver
How does insulin affect the blood glucose level? - ANSDecreases the plasma-glucose degree
What is secreted in response to a lower in blood glucose degree? - ANSGlucagon
What is the role of glucagon? - ANSTo boom the blood glucose concentration
Glucagon enables preserve adequate plasma glucose levels with the aid of doing what? -
ANSpromoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
,What dominates in a fed-kingdom? - ANSinsulin
What dominates in a fasted-country? - ANSglucagon
Which type of diabetes is due to loss of insulin secretion? - ANSType 1 Diabetes
Which kind of diabetes is due to reduced sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic impact of
insulin and insulin deficiency? - ANSType 2 Diabetes
What is insulin resistance? - ANSReduced sensitivity to insulin
What develops in pregnant women who have never had diabetes? - ANSGestational diabetes
Which is the maximum not unusual type of diabetes? - ANSType 2 Diabetes
What is kind 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)? - ANSThe pancreas produce no insulin or little insulin
(juvenile diabetes or insulin-based)
What reasons Type 1 diabetes mellitus? - ANSAutoimmunity (viruses and genetics)
What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus? - ANSHyperglycemia
Osmotic diuresis and polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Blurred vision
Sudden weight loss
Fatigue
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
What is kind 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSadult onset diabetes
ninety-95% of all instances of diabetes
What does kind 2 diabetes mellitus motive? - ANSDecreased sensitivity of goal tissues to the
metabolic impact of insulin (insulin resistance)
What are the chance factors of kind 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSGenetics
overweight
increased BMI
increased waist circumference
Life fashion
What are the signs of type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSSame signs as type 1 + numbness,
tingling feet or arms, wounds that do not heal
, What complications can arise from Diabetes Mellitus? - ANSBlood vessels disease
Polyneuropathy
Kidney harm
Eye harm
How will we deal with Diabetes mellitus? - ANSExercise
Caloric limit
Weight reduction
Hypoglycemic tablets
Insulin administration
What is the aggregate of type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and High BP create? -
ANSMetabolic Syndrome
How do you diagnose Metabolic syndrome? - ANS2 or extra of the following:
Central obesity >forty" males, >35" women
Blood pressure >one hundred thirty/85 mmHg
Fasting blood glucose >110mg/dL
Elevated fasting plasma triglyceride stages (>150mg/dL)
Low plasma HDL-C tiers (regular=forty-60mg/dL)
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland? - ANSAldosterone
Glucocorticoid (Cortisol)
Sex Hormones
Catecholamines (NE and Epi)
When is cortisol maximum? - ANSMorning
When is cortisol launched? - ANSDuring pressure
What promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver, breaks down skeletal muscle proteins for
gluconeogenesis, and complements lipolysis for electricity use? - ANSCortisol
What protects in opposition to hypoglycemia? - ANSCortisol
How does cortisol suppress the immune system? - ANSinhibits inflammatory response
poison ivy, pollen
can prevent rejection of transplant organs
Exogenous management can close down ACTH production and adrenal cells (atrophy)
How does cortisol cause a negative calcium balance? - ANSKidneys secrete large quantities of
calcium into the frame which will increase the danger for fracture
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