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NURS 4500 - Neurology Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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NURS 4500 - Neurology Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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NURS 4500 - Neurology Test Questions and Answers100% Solved
Lower Motor Neurons Correct-- Influences skeletal muscles
- Sends axons to innervate the skeletal muscles of the arms, trunk, and legs, located on the
spinal cord
- Neurons for skeletal muscles of the eyes, face, mouth, and throat are located in
corresponding segments of the brainstem
- Lesions cause weakness or paralysis, denervation atrophy, hyporeflexia or areflexia, and
decreased muscle tone (flaccidity)
Upper Motor Neurons Correct-- Originates in the cerebral cortex and projects downward
- Corticobular tract ends in brainstem and corticospinal tract descends into spinal cord
- Influences skeletal muscle movement
- Lesions cause weakness or paralysis, disuse atrophy, hyperreflexia, and increased muscle
tone (spasticity)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Correct-- Circulates in subarachnoid space surrounded by the brain,
brainstem, and spinal cord
,- Cushions brain and the spinal cord, allows fluid to shift from cranial cavity to the spinal
cavity and carries nutrients
- Formation in ventricles involves passive diffusion and active transport of substances
- Average rate of production = 500ml/day, excessive buildup of this is known as hydrocephalus
- Often measured in pts with actual or suspected intracranial injury, increased pressure can
force downward herniation of the brain and brain stem
Myelin Sheath Correct-- White, lipid substance which acts as insulator for conduction of
impulses
Neurogenesis Correct-- Birth of neurons, neural development comes from
- Can also happen if there's been damage to a nerve cell
Neurotransmitter Correct-- Chemical agent that affects the transmission of an impulse
across the synaptic cleft
Types of Neurotransmitters Correct-- Acetylcholine
- Amines (Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Dopamine)
- Amino Acids (y-aminobutynic acid, glutamate and aspartate)
,- Neuropeptides (Endorphins and enkephalins, Substance P)
Spinal Nerves Correct-- A mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic
signals between the spinal cord and the body.
- 31 pairs
- Cervical (C1-C8)
- Thoracic (T1-T12)
- Lumbar (L1-L5)
- Sacral (S1-S5)
- Coccygeal
Cranial Nerves Correct-- Indicated by Roman numerals I-XII from anterior to posterior
- May have one or more of 3 functions
- Sensory (special or general)
- Somatic motor (skeletal muscles)
- Parasympathetic (regulation of glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle)
, Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Correct-- Relays sensory data to the brain, and it is responsible
for the sense of smell
- Receptors are located within the mucosa of the nasal cavity
Cranial Nerve II: Optic Correct-- Located in the back of the eye
- Transfers visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical
impulses
- Made of ganglionic cells or nerve cells
- Glaucoma is a common illness of this nerve
Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor Correct-- Responsible for eyeball and eyelid movement
- Somatic motor component, controls the muscles that allow for visual tracking and fixation
by the eye
- Visceral motor component, aiding in accommodation and pupillary light reflexes
Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Correct-- Emerges dorsally from the brain (near the back)
- Serves the superior oblique eye muscle and connects to the annular tendon
- Processes brain signals to move the eyes up and down, and also outwards
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