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NUR529 EXAM 3 NEWEST VERSION ACTUAL 411 QUESTION AND CORRECT DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NUR529 EXAM 3 NEWEST VERSION ACTUAL 411 QUESTION AND CORRECT DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NUR529 EXAM 3 NEWEST VERSION ACTUAL 411QUESTION AND CORRECT DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS
sickle cell disease - abnormally shaped red blood cells (crazy shapes)
Chronic blood loss - Usually the reason for iron deficiency anemia
Men and postmenopausal women - Iron deficiency from GI bleed, peptic ulcer, vascular
lesion, intestinal polyps, hemorrhoids, canccer
Women of childbearing age - iron deficiency from menstruation
Pregnant women - Iron deficiency from increased iron demands
Children - Iron deficiency from increased demands due to increased blood volume
3 to 24 months of age - Age when iron requirements are the highest
Low iron from mother, diet of mostly cow's milk - Main causes of iron deficiency in
women
Infectious mononucleosis - •Self-limiting disorder where lymphocytes are produced in
excessive quantities
•Once infected the virus
will remain present in the
B lymphocytes for lifetime
Epstein-Barr virus - cause of infectious mono
Saliva - how mono is transmitted
Long term, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - may increase the risk of lupus and six other
autoimmune diseases by changing how certain human genes are expressed.
Mono - Characterized by fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and the
appearance in the blood of atypical lymphocytes and several antibodies. Enlarged
lymph nodes throughout the body, palatal petechiae may be present
adolescents and young adults - Mono highest incidence in
Mono treatment - Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
,Normal WBC - 5000 to 10000
Neutrophils - Leukopenia most often affects
Neutro[phils - Majority of blood leukocytes, critical role in hose-defense mechanism
against infection, migrate to site of infection and engulf, digest, destroy
Normal absolute neutrophil count - 1000
insidious (gradual, subtle) - the onset of mono is typically...
4 to 6 weeks - incubation time for mono
Prodromal period of mono - lasts several days, malaise, anorexia, chills, precedes onset
of fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy
Generalized maculopapular rash - occurs in 3 to 15 percent of people with mono, often
follows treatment with B lactam antibiotics
Splenomegaly - complication of mono that occurs in 50 to 60 percent of cases, two to
three times normal size
Complications of mono - Hepatitis, Myocarditis, upper airway obst, encephalitis,
hemolytic anemia
X linked lymphoproliferative syndrome - Higher risk of complications with mono and
more likely to die from the infection
Monospot and serologic - Two blood tests for mono
Monospot - tests for heterophile antibodies
heterophile antibodies - hallmark sign of an EBV infection, take time to develop
Early EBV signs - increased IgM and IgG antibodies
2-3 weeks - acute phase of mono lasts
Systemic arterial pressure - is the main source of afterload on the left heart, Left
ventricle afterload is increased with narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic valve
Stages of Hemostasis - Vessel Spasm, formation of the platelet plug, blood coagulation
(clot retraction, clot dissolution)
, Vessel Spasm - First stage of hemostasis, constricts the vessel and reduces blood flow.
It is a transient event that usually lasts minutes or hours.
Formation of the platelet plug - Second stage of hemostasis, 1. platelets are attracted to
damaged vessel wall. 2. activation by sub-endothelial tissue. 3. change from smooth
disks to spiny spheres. 4. exposing glycoprotein receptors on their surfaces. This step
requires a protein molecule called von Willebrand factor that leaks into the injured tissue
from the plasma. (adhesion, activation, aggregation)
During Hemostasis, platelets change from ..... - Smooth disks to spiny spheres
von Willebrand factor - Formation of the platelet plug requires a protein molecule called
(helps platelets stick together)
Glycoprotein Receptors - Exposed during the formation of the platelet plug when
platelets change from smooth disks to spiny spheres
1.Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot - Third step of
hemostasis: stabilization of the plug occurs as the coagulation pathway is activated on
the platelet surface, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
Thrombocytopenia - Results from a decrease in platelet production, increased
sequestration of platelets in the spleen, or decreased platelet survival
Drug induced thrombocytopenia - can be from aspirin, atorvastatin, antibiotics and of
course Heparin.
Clot retraction - the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot pulls the edges of the
damaged vessel close together, allowing for repair of the vessel lining.
Clot dissolution - fibrinolysis occurs through conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is released from damaged endothelial cells.
This conversion results in digestion of fibrin fibers within the clot and the production of
fibrin degradation products.... Clot dissolves.
Immune thrombocytopenia - was formally called idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura.
ITP is the most common thrombocytopenic disorder among children and often follows
an upper respiratory infection.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic - rare and caused by a deficiency of the gene
responsible for severing large von Willebrand factor proteins. The unchecked platelet
aggregation results in microvascular occlusions...end organ failure
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders - Most often involves small vessels of
mucous membranes and skin, common sites are nose, mouth, GI, uterine
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