BIO 104 (exam 1)-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update (2024/2025)
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Course
BIO 104
Institution
BIO 104
what is science?
The study of finding out the truth of the natural world, and it is a process that discusses the
truths of the world around us
What is evolution?
the gradual change overtime of a species
Is evolution controversial?
yes
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated ...
BIO 104 (exam 1)-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest
Update (2024/2025)
what is science?
The study of finding out the truth of the natural world, and it is a process that discusses the
truths of the world around us
What is evolution?
the gradual change overtime of a species
Is evolution controversial?
yes
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection on his
voyages of the HMS Beagle (1831). Released his idea by publishing the famous book "origin
of species". He made multiple observations of fossils like glyptodon (ancesteroial armadillo)
in south america
Hypothesis
a suggested explanation that might be true an is subject to testing by further observations
Darwin has a hypothesis of nature putting pressure on things and demonstrates it by a
sketch of an evolutionary tree diagram called_________, from his first notebook on
transmutation of species 1837.
"I think"
What are the three requirements for evolution by natural selection?
1. Phenotypic variation must exist in a population
2. Phenotypic variation must lead to differences among individuals in lifetime reproductive
success
3. Phenotypic variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next
generation
What was Darwins observations on finches and the grants research?
,His observations suggest that differences among species in beak size and shape have
evolved as the species adapted to use different food resources, and this happens if the 3
conditions of evolution are met. To test his observations Peter and Rosemary grant studied
the medium ground finch on a tint island called Daphne major. During long periods of dry
weather the birds eat large dry seeds (harder to crush, and during wet seasons they eat
small tender seeds (easier to crush). Darwins hypothesis was true.
Darwin's Fitness Theory
most reproductive
Is there phenotype variation in the population?
think of the peppered and black moths before the industrial revolution. Peppered moths
blended into trees and black moths were more rare to the environment. After the
revolution the trees were covered in ash making the black moths blend in. Phenotype is
heritable so yes.
Does the variation lead to differences in lifetime reproductive success?
the "survival of the fittest" meaning the most reproductive, not strongest, smartest, nor
fastest
Is a phenotype heritable?
yes because genes code for physical traits
what is artificial selection?
the process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits. Example:
dogs, or brassica oleracea (wild mustard that when breaded can give us bigger leaves, roots,
or selection of tastier parts in the plant
,What are transitional fossils?
fossils that show transitions between different groups of organisms. Like dinosaurs being
related to birds and reptiles, it has a face and bone structure that matches a reptiles, but
has feathers like a bird. Example: Tiktaalik Rosaea, Whale evolution
anatomical evidence of evolution
strongest evidence supporting evolution comes for developmental comparisons reflecting
descent from a common ancestor
Theory
a concept supported by experimental evidence that explains the facts in an area of study,
evolution is a scientific theory, and if true then it can be tested.
convergent evolution
Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to
similar environments because natural selection puts pressure on things to make organisms
succeed in an environment.
What are true fossils?
are the fossilized remains of the organisms parts
, What are trace fossils?
Indirect evidence such as mold fossils (a fossilized impression made in a substrate); cast
fossils (formed when a mold is filled in); and ichnofossils (nests, footprints, etc.)
How do we measure the age of fossils?
radiocarbon dating
Mold fossil
a cavity in a rock that has the shape of the organism that was trapped there
How do scientists demonstrate how organisms are related using diagrams?
phylogenetic trees, they can represent large groups such as domains and small groups like
individuals
What are the representatives for the phylogenies and where are they located?
taxa (B,C,D) /taxon (singular, B)
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