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NU 673 FINAL EXAM
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Exam of 10 pages for the course NU 673 at NU 673 (NU 673 FINAL EXAM)
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NU 673 FINAL EXAMo Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
o Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
o Melanoma (most lethal) - ANSWER name the 3 major skin cancers
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER 80% of skin cancers
Shiny and translucent, they grow slowly and rarely metastasize
squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER Comprises 16% of skin cancers
Crusted, scaly, and ulcerated, they can metastasize
melanoma - ANSWER Comprises 4% of skin cancers
Rapidly increasing in frequency, they spread rapidly
Epidermis - ANSWER Thin, avascular keratinized epithelium consisting of the outer
stratum corneum and an inner cellular layer, the stratum basale and the stratum
spinosum.
Dermis - ANSWER Dense layer of interconnecting collagen and elastic fibers
containing sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles and most of the terminals
of the cutaneous nerves.
subcutaneous tissues - ANSWER also known as fatty tissue
Cyanosis - ANSWER can indicate decreased oxygen in the blood or decreased
blood flow in response to a cold environment.
sebaceous glands - ANSWER produce a fatty substance secreted onto the skin
surface through the hair follicles. These glands are present on all skin surfaces
except the palms and soles
Eccrine glands - ANSWER widely distributed, open directly onto the skin surface,
and by their sweat production help to control body temp.
apocrine glands - ANSWER found chiefly in the axillary and genital regions and
usually open into hair follicles. Responsible for adult body odor.
o Asymmetry
o Border irregularity
o Color variations
o Diameter >6mm
o Evolving or changing rapidly in size, symptoms, or morphology
o EFG- elevated, firm, growing - ANSWER ABCDE rule
necrosis - ANSWER Local redness of the skin warns of impending _______
PAD - ANSWER atherosclerotic disease distal to the aortic bifurction
, Intima - ANSWER Surrounds the lumen of all blood vessels; it is a single
continuous lining of endothelial cells.
Produced molecules such as Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Modulates blood flow and vascular reactivity
Regulates immune and inflammatory reactions
Media - ANSWER Composed of smooth muscle cells that dilate and constrict to
accommodate blood pressure and flow.
Adventitia - ANSWER The outer layer of the artery; connective tissue contacting
nerve fibers and the vasa vasorum.
atherosclerosis - ANSWER a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by injury to
vascular endothelial cells, provoking atheromatous plaque formation and the
vascular lesions of HTN.
collateral circulation - ANSWER if a major artery is obstructed, anastomoses
between branching networks of smaller arteries can increase in size over time;
perfuses structures distal to the occlusion.
mesenteric arteries - ANSWER Occlusion of the _______ can result in bowel
ischemia and infarction (small and large intestines)
veins - ANSWER Can contain up to two thirds of circulating blood
Venules - ANSWER drain capillary beds and form interconnecting venous plexus
such as the rectal venous plexuses.
lymphatic system - ANSWER An extensive vascular network that drains lymph fluid
from body tissues and returns it to the venous circulation.
originates in the extracellular spaces
Cappilaries - ANSWER collect tissue fluid plasma proteins, cells, and cellular debris
via their porous endothelium.
right lymphatic duct - ANSWER drains fluid from the right side of the head, neck,
thorax, and right upper limb and empties into the junction of the right internal jugular
and the right subclavian veins.
thoracic ducts - ANSWER collects lymph fluid from the rest of the body and empties
into the junction of the left internal jugular and the left subclavian veins.
edema - ANSWER increased plasma volume of sodium retention, altered capillary
dynamics resulting in net filtration, inadequate removal of filtered lymph fluid,
lymphatic or venous obstruction, and increased capillary permeability.
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