NUR 211 Exam 1 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 211
Institution
NUR 211
What is the normal range for sodium levels? 135-145 mEq/L
What are some causes of hyponatremia? Addison's disease diuretics SIADH (dilutional)
What are some causes of hypernatremia? Cushing's disease water deficit diabetes insipidus (DI)
What are s/s of hyponatremia? confusion seizures muscle cr...
NUR 211 Exam 1 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
What is the normal range for sodium levels? ✅135-145 mEq/L
What are some causes of hyponatremia? ✅Addison's disease
diuretics
SIADH (dilutional)
What are some causes of hypernatremia? ✅Cushing's disease
water deficit
diabetes insipidus (DI)
What are s/s of hyponatremia? ✅confusion
seizures
muscle cramping & weakness
What are s/s of hypernatremia? ✅confusion
seizures
FVE
muscle twitching
muscle weakness
What are interventions for hyponatremia? ✅Na replacement (conivaptan
hydrochloride)
treat the cause (I&O)
seizure precautions
daily weights
What are interventions for hypernatremia? ✅Na restrictions
diuretics
treat the cause (I&O)
seizure precautions
daily weights
What are examples of foods that contain high levels of Na? ✅boxed juices, canned
drinks, carrots, condiments, canned foods, seafood, pickled foods, smoked foods, &
processed meats
use lemon juice & salt substitutes instead; Rolaids are high in Na!
Salt substitutes are high in what? ✅potassium
, What is the normal range for K+? ✅3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What activity is significantly influenced by potassium? ✅skeletal & cardiac activity
What are some causes of hypokalemia? ✅loop diuretics
bronchodilators
steroids
Cushing's disease
V/D
GI suction
What are some causes of hyperkalemia? ✅renal failure
Addison's disease
salt substitutes
PRBC
What are s/s of hypokalemia? ✅dysrhythmias (flat T waves)
decreased DTR, BP, & weak/thready pulse
What are s/s of hyperkalemia? ✅dysrhythmias (spiked T waves & prolonged PR
intervals)
muscle weakness & paralysis
What are interventions for hypokalemia? ✅replace K+ (oral preferred)
treat cause
no "P"=no "K" (don't give K+ if not urinating)
What are interventions for hyperkalemia? ✅sodium polystyrene sulfate (kayexalate)
bumetanide, furosemide, bicarbonate
IV D10W w/ 10u reg. insulin
calcium gluconate
What can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity? ✅hypokalemia (digoxin is frequently
taken w/ K-losing diuretics)
What foods are high in K+? ✅melons, bananas, oranges, milk, dark green leafy
veggies, apricots, prunes, beans, potatoes, salt substitutes
What foods are low in K+? ✅breads, cereals, asparagus, cabbage, cherries,
blackberries, blueberries
What is the normal range for phosphorus? ✅3-4.5 mg/dL
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