Class notes
biology in focus, 3e urry, ch 1 notes
chapter 1 of textbook biology in focus 3e, urry, notes
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology1.1 organization
● Ecosystem
○ Community
■ Populations
● Organisms
○ Organs
■ Tissues
● Cells
○ Organelles
■ Molecules
● reductionism, an approach that reduces complex systems to simpler
components that are more manageable to study
● Biologists complement reductionism with systems biology, the exploration
of the network of interactions that underlie the emergent properties of a
system.
● At each level of biological organization, we find a correlation between
structure and function
○ analyzing a biological structure gives us clues about what it does and
how it works
● The cell is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities
required for life
● Prokaryotic cells are found in two groups of single-celled microorganisms,
bacteria and archaea. All other forms of life, including plants and animals,
are composed of eukaryotic cells.
● Eukaryotic cell
○ A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane
enclosed organelles. (protists, plants, fungi, and animals)
, ● Prokaryotic cell
○ A type of cell ;lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane
enclosed organelles. (bacteria and archaea)
1.1 info
● Within cells, structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the
form of DNA
● genes are the units of inheritance. They encode the information that
establishes a cell’s identity and function
● Specific sequences of the nucleotides encode the information in genes.
● Protein-encoding genes control protein production indirectly, using a
related molecule called mRNA as an intermediary.
● The sequence of nucleotides along a gene is transcribed into mRNA, which is
then translated into a chain of protein building blocks called amino acids.
● Once completed, the amino acid chain forms a specific protein with a unique
shape and function.
● The entire process by which the information in a gene directs the
production of a cellular product is gene expression
● Differences between organisms reflect differences between their nucleotide
sequences rather than between their genetic codes.
● By carrying the instructions for making proteins and RNAs and by
replicating with each cell division, DNA ensures faithful inheritance of
genetic information from generation to generation.
● genome-The entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism
inherits
○ The genetic material of an organism or virus, the complete
complement of an organism's genes along with its noncoding nucleic
acid sequences.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kerenraz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83225 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now