Fluid And Electrolyte Management RNC
NIC Questions And Answers With
Verified Solutions (GRADED A+)
Magnesium Homeostasis - ANSWER✔✔1.5-2.5 mg/dl; important for muscle
contractions and enzymatic function
For greatest possible accuracy; when should urine output be measured? -
ANSWER✔✔right after it occurs; infants on radiant warmer may loose volume
due to evaporation before diaper is weighed
Sodium - ANSWER✔✔major extra cellular cation; plays pivotal role in fluid
homeostasis
What major change of fluid occurs for the neonate at birth? -
ANSWER✔✔decrease in extracellular volume as diuresis is established within
first week of life; this results in weight loss approximately 10-15% up to 20% in
preterm infants
Fetal neprhons are immature up until what week of gestation? - ANSWER✔✔34
weeks
Antidiuretic Hormone ADH - ANSWER✔✔produced by the posterior pituitary
and is created in response to hypotension (low fluid volume) and hyperosmolality
(want to retain fluid to balance hyperosmolality)
What is the normal urine output in a neonate? - ANSWER✔✔1-4 ml/kg/hr
, Insensible Water Loss IWL - ANSWER✔✔Unmeasurable loss of fluid that
typically occurs through the skin and pulmonary system in the neonate
TEWL is a type of __________ - ANSWER✔✔insensible water loss; stands for
transepidermal water loss TEWL
What is the major source of IWL in premature infants? - ANSWER✔✔TEWL
TEWL ____________ with gestational age - ANSWER✔✔decreases
When is TEWL the highest? - ANSWER✔✔The first day after birth; improves as
skin barrier matures
What is the typical fluid maintenance (ml/kg/day) for the first 3 to 5 days of life? -
ANSWER✔✔60-100 ml/kg/day
What weight is used to calculate fluid maintenance? - ANSWER✔✔usually birth
weight not current weight until birth weight is reestablished
For infants less than 1 kg what percentage of dextrose is recommended and why? -
ANSWER✔✔5%; to prevent hyperglycemia
Describe the clinical presentation of fluid depletion in a neonate? -
ANSWER✔✔decreased urine output <1 or even <0.5 ml/kg/hr, increased urine
specific gravity, weight loss, poor skin turgor (a late sign) dry mucous membranes
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