Modern Database Management, 13th Edition, TEST BANK By Jeff Hoffer, Ramesh Venkataraman, Heikki Topi |
Modern Database Management, 13th Edition, TEST BANK By Jeff Hoffer, Ramesh Venkataraman, Heikki Topi |
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Modern Database Management, 13th Edition, TEST BANK By
Jeff Hoffer, Ramesh Venkataraman, Heikki Topi |
What does the term data independence mean, and why is it an important goal? -
ANSWER:The separation of data descriptions (metadata) from the application
programs that use the
data is called data independence. With the database approach, data descriptions are
stored
in a central location called the repository. This property of database systems allows
an
organization's data to change and evolve (within limits) without changing the
application
programs that process the data.
List 10 potential benefits of the database approach over conventional file systems -
ANSWER:1. Program-data independence
2. Planned data redundancy
3. Improved data consistency
4. Improved data sharing
5. Increased productivity of application development
6. Enforcement of standards
7. Improved data quality
8. Improved data accessibility and responsiveness
9. Reduced program maintenance
10. Improved decision support
List five costs or risks associated with the database approach - ANSWER:1. New,
specialized personnel
2. Installation and management cost and complexity
3. Conversion costs
4. Need for explicit backup and recovery
5. Organizational conflict
Define a three-tiered database architecture - ANSWER:Although any number of tiers
may exist (from one to many), three tiers of computers relate
to the client/server architecture for database processing: (1) the client tier, where
database
contents are presented to the user; (2) the application/Web server tier, where
analyses on
database contents are made and user sessions are managed; and (3) the enterprise
server
tier, where the data from across the organization are merged into an organizational
asset.
, In which of the five phases of the SDLC do database development activities occur? -
ANSWER:Database development activities occur in each of these overlapping phases,
and feedback
may occur that causes a project to return to a prior phase.
Explain the differences between user views, a conceptual schema, and an internal
schema as different perspectives of the same database - ANSWER:(1) a conceptual
schema, which provides a complete, technology-independent picture of
the database; (2) an internal schema, which specifies the complete database as it will
be
stored in computer secondary memory in terms of a logical schema and a physical
schema;
and (3) an external schema or user view, which describes the database relevant to a
specific
set of users in terms of a set of user views combined with the enterprise data model.
stored attribute vs derived attribute - ANSWER:--Stored attribute is an attribute that
is already stored in the database. -ex) calculating a person's age from the person's
date of birth and present date.-stored attribute is the date of birth.
--derived attribute is an attribute whose values can be calculated from related
attribute
values (plus possibly data not in the database, such as today's date, the current time,
or a security code provided by a system user).
-Symbolized by square brackets "[ ]"
- Or a forward slash (/) in front of the attribute name
simple attribute vs. composite attribute - ANSWER:Simple (atomic) attribute is an
attribute that cannot be broken down into smaller components that are meaningful
for the organization.
-Composite attribute is an attribute such as Address, that has meaningful component
parts, which are more detailed attributes.
entity type vs relationship type - ANSWER:Entity type is a collection of entities that
share common properties, whereas an entity instance is a single occurrence of an
entity type.
-Relationship type is a meaningful association between (or among) entity types.
strong entity type vs weak entity type - ANSWER:Strong entity type is an entity that
has its own identifier and can exist without other entities
-Weak entity type is an entity that has its own identifier and can exist without other
entities and don't have their own identifiers but a partial identifier
degree vs cardinality - ANSWER:Degree of a relationship is the number of entity
types that participate in that relationship.
-Cardinality specifies the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be
associated with each instance of entity A.
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