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NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO EXAM AND TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
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NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO EXAM AND TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
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NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO EXAM AND TEST BANKCOMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
What makes up the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER Sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER
Conserving energy and the body's resources
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER
Catecholamine release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing to
GI/Integumentary
What are the classifications of primary brain injury? - ANSWER Focal or diffuse
What are focal brain injuries? - ANSWER Specific, grossly observable lesions that
occur in a precise location
What are examples of focal brain injuries? - ANSWER Epidural hemorrhage and
subdural hemorrhage
What are examples of diffuse brain injuries? - ANSWER Hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
What can happen with increased intracranial pressures? - ANSWER Collateral
dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia? - ANSWER Paroxysmal
hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion with
flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor spasm,
and bradycardia.
What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia? -
ANSWER Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the
hypertension and stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate
because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
, What are the onset of delirium and dementia? - ANSWER Delirium - acute and
common during hospitalization
Dementia - usually insidious and can be acute in situations such as trauma or stroke
What conditions are associated with delirium? - ANSWER UTI, thyroid disorders,
hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency,
trauma, multiple medications
What conditions are associated with dementia? - ANSWER May have no other
conditions
What is the course of delirium? - ANSWER Fluctuates and remits with treatment
What is the course with dementia? - ANSWER chronic slow decline
What is the duration of delirium? - ANSWER Hours to weeks
What is the duration of dementia? - ANSWER Months to years
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium? - ANSWER disrupted
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia? - ANSWER Usually normal or
frgmented
What is the alertness and orientation with delirium? - ANSWER impaired
What is the alertness and orientation with dementia? - ANSWER Normal alertness
and intact early, but impaired later
What behavior is associated with delirium? - ANSWER Agitation,
withdrawn/depressed
What behavior is associated with dementia? - ANSWER normal
What speech and thoughts are associated with delirium? - ANSWER Incoherent
and rapid/slow as well as being disorganized and delusional
What speech and thoughts are associated with dementia? - ANSWER word-finding
problems and impoverished thoughts
What disease is the leading cause of dementia and severe cognitive dysfunction in
older adults? - ANSWER Alzheimer's Disease
What genetics have been linked to Alzheimer's Disease? - ANSWER Amyloid
precursor protein (APP) on Chromosome 21, presenilin (PSEN1) on chromosome
14, and PSEN 2 on chromosome 14
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