Exam (elaborations)
Test Bank For Neuroscience 7th Edition By Dale Purves
- Course
- Institution
Test Bank For Neuroscience 7th Edition By Dale Purves
[Show more]
Content preview
Test Bank For Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain,Enhanced Edition 4th Edition By Mark Bear; Barry
Connors; Michael A
Nernst equation - ANSWER the equation is in the picture
Cerebrum - ANSWER Area of the brain (upper half above the cerebellum)
responsible for all voluntary activities of the body (senses)
Cerebellum - ANSWER A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor
skills. (most of the functions are like balance and reflexes etc that require no
conscious thought)
- a mnemonic could be that i has "Bellum" at the end meaning "war" and it controls
lots of the functions you would need to go to war
medulla oblongata - ANSWER Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-
sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.
- it is located in the brain stem above the spina cord, it is where snipers aim if they
have a clear shot because it is the most fatal area
Emil Du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896) - ANSWER Is considered the father of
electrophysiology. Like Helmholtz he measured the speed of the nerve impulse. He
also discovered the electrical nature of the action potential.
- discovered that the brain itself is capable of generating electricity
Charles Bell and Francois Magendie - ANSWER discovered through the use of
exprimental animals that nerves were bundled together in the main body but when
they reached the spinal cord they were anatomically seperated into the ventral roots
and dorsal roots.
ventral roots - ANSWER bundle of motor neuron axons that exit the spinal cord
Dorsal roots - ANSWER Contain sensory (afferent) fibers from sensory neurons in
dorsal root ganglia and conduct impulses from peripheral receptors that go into the
spinal cord.
norepinephrine beta receptor - ANSWER - The binding of amine neurotransmitter
*norepinephrine (NE)* to the beta receptor triggers a cascade of biochemical events
within the cell.
- The beta receptor activates a G-protein that, in turn, activates an effector protein,
the intracellular enzyme adenylyl cyclase
- adenlyl cylase catalises oxidative metabolism in the mitochondria into a compound
called cyclic adeonosine monophosphate (or cAMP)
- the cAMP ( a second messanger) stimulates another enzyme called kinaze which
catalyzes the chemical reaction of phosphorrylation (the transfer of phosphate
groups from ATP to specific sites on cell proteins)
,- the significance of this is that it can change the activity of a protein
Gustaev Fritsch & Eduard Hitzig - ANSWER experimented on a dog and found that
applying currents to certain circucised parts of a dogs brain could produce
movements
- David Ferrier found that removing the same parts of the cerebrum caused muscle
paralysis
Phrenology (Franz Gall) - ANSWER theory that the bumps on the skull could reveal
our mental abilities and character traits
Flourens (the founder of localisation of function) didnt believe the cerebrum could be
split into different functions because... - ANSWER he believed Frans gall was a
lunatic and didn't was to associate with that idea
- what is the evolutionary purpose of our hairs standing on end when we're scared? -
ANSWER - it increases touch sensitivity so that we can sense danger more easily?
The scientific methods (ORIV) - ANSWER Obsrevation: experimenting on one
person onr in one instance
Replication: testing this observation in other people or in other situations
Interpretation: what does this mean? Why is this the case?
Verification: is this the case now? is there any evidence against it? Are there any
other ideas to explain it?
Institutional Animal Wellfare and Use Committee - ANSWER this is the
establishment that tests whether what neuroscientists are doing with animals is
ethical
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - ANSWER destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in
the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
- affects neuron conductivity and makes it harder for signals to reach their
destinations
- This is characterised by episodes of weakness, lack of co-ordination and speech
disturbance
glial cells - ANSWER cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect
neurons
(nervous system support cells)
Formaldehyde - ANSWER - a substance that could be used (in the early nineteenth
century) to harder the brain tissue so that it could then be cut (using a microtome) to
be observed under a microscope
Microtome - ANSWER an instrument that produces very thin slices of body tissues
Franz Nissl (1860-1919) - ANSWER - inventor of the nissl stain for observing brain
tissue
, - it was useful in two ways: it could help distinguish neurons for glia cells,
furthermore it could be used to track cytoarchitecture (the structure of parts in the
brain)
Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) - ANSWER - inventor of the Golgi stain (silver chromate
solution)
- this stain could show Uunlike the nissl stain) that the cell body (soma) was not the
sole part of the neurone but it also had axons and dendrites
neurohistology / their credo - ANSWER study of the nervous system
- "the gain of the brain is mainly in the stain"
Reticulum - ANSWER a network or mesh of fibrils, fibers or filaments
Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934) - ANSWER the person who discovered that
neurones were not actually attached together
the diameter of a soma - ANSWER 20 micrometers
Cytosol (Cytoplasm) - ANSWER Liquid matter found in cells where the organelles
float in it.
- this is found in neurones and it is rich in potassium
the total DNA contained within the chromosomes of each cell is the same however...
- ANSWER The cell uses different parts of the DNA to specialise itself
The nucleus of the neruonres is interrupted by... - ANSWER pores
messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ANSWER - a copy of one strand of DNA that
moves out of the nucleus to direct protein construction
Transciption - ANSWER process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA
is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
- the RNA is then called a "transcript"
RNA consists of - ANSWER a sequence of four neucleic acids
How many different amino acids are there? - ANSWER 20
the assembly of different proteins from amino acids is called... - ANSWER
"translation"
RNA binds to the ribsomes on the sides or floating around in the neurones and ... -
ANSWER using the instructions of the RNA, make proteins out of the amino acids
Rough ER and Soft ER - ANSWER these are the sites in the neurones that are
quite rich in ribosomes for making proteins.
what determines whether RNA chooses to use a free ribosome or one encased in
the rough ER? - ANSWER whether the RNA is looking to produce protein that
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller leonardmuriithi061. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.89. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now