,1. A 78-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes
mellitus presents with a new onset of confusion and agitation.
Which of the following should be the nurse's first action?
A. Administer an antipsychotic medication.
B. Perform a comprehensive physical assessment.
C. Restrict fluids to prevent possible fluid overload.
D. Increase environmental stimuli to reorient the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A comprehensive physical assessment is crucial to
identify any underlying causes of acute confusion, such as infection,
hypoglycemia, or electrolyte imbalance.
2. When caring for an elderly patient who has difficulty swallowing
(dysphagia), which intervention is most appropriate to reduce the
risk of aspiration?
A. Encourage the patient to drink fluids quickly.
B. Thicken liquids and encourage small, frequent sips.
C. Offer the patient dry foods to stimulate saliva production.
D. Position the patient in a supine position during meals.
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Thickening liquids and encouraging small, frequent
sips can help prevent aspiration in patients with dysphagia.
3. A gerontological nurse is planning care for a patient with
Alzheimer's disease. Which intervention promotes safety for this
patient?
A. Leave the patient alone in a quiet room to reduce
overstimulation.
B. Install bed and door alarms to alert staff if the patient wanders.
C. Encourage independent ambulation throughout the facility.
D. Provide multiple options for activities to enhance decision-
making.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Installing bed and door alarms helps ensure the safety
of patients who may wander due to cognitive impairment.
, Rationale: Facial expressions and body language are reliable
indicators of pain in non-verbal patients.
5. Which of the following is a common side effect of polypharmacy
in the elderly?
A. Decreased risk of drug interactions.
B. Improved cognitive function.
C. Increased incidence of adverse drug reactions.
D. Enhanced renal clearance of medications.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polypharmacy increases the risk of adverse drug
reactions due to the potential for drug interactions and the altered
pharmacokinetics in the elderly.
6. A nurse is educating a group of nursing students about the
physiological changes in aging. Which statement by a student
indicates an understanding of the changes in the integumentary
system?
A. "Elderly patients experience increased sweat and oil gland
activity."
B. "Skin becomes thicker and less susceptible to injury with age."
C. "There is an increased production of collagen which improves
skin elasticity."
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