,1. A patient with chronic kidney disease is undergoing
hemodialysis. Which of the following complications should the
nurse monitor for?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at risk of
hyperkalemia due to the decreased excretion of potassium by the
kidneys.
,3. A nurse is caring for a patient with a pulmonary embolism.
What immediate intervention is most important?
A) Administering anticoagulants
B) Starting an IV line
C) Providing oxygen therapy
D) Elevating the head of the bed
Correct Answer: C) Providing oxygen therapy
Rationale: Oxygen therapy is critical for a patient with a
pulmonary embolism to improve oxygenation and prevent
hypoxemia.
4. When evaluating a patient's ECG, what change indicates
myocardial ischemia?
A) Prolonged PR interval
B) ST-segment elevation
C) Tall T waves
D) Wide QRS complex
Correct Answer: B) ST-segment elevation
Rationale: ST-segment elevation is a key indicator of myocardial
ischemia and can signify an evolving myocardial infarction.
, 5. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which of
the following actions is essential before starting the transfusion?
A) Checking the patient's temperature
B) Confirming the patient's identity
C) Assessing the IV site for patency
D) Pre-medicating with an antihistamine
Correct Answer: B) Confirming the patient's identity
Rationale: Confirming the patient's identity is crucial to prevent
transfusion reactions due to ABO incompatibility.
6. A patient with asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation.
Which medication should the nurse administer first?
A) Inhaled corticosteroid
B) Short-acting beta-agonist
C) Anticholinergic inhaler
D) Oral corticosteroid
Correct Answer: B) Short-acting beta-agonist
Rationale: A short-acting beta-agonist is the first-line treatment for
an acute asthma exacerbation to quickly relieve bronchospasm.
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