Honors Biology FINAL Exam with
complete solutions 2024/2025
Know the characteristics of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes and the kingdoms that fall
under each category. - ANSWER- prokaryotic - (single-celled, 3.5byo, smaller, no
nucleus/membrane-bound organelles, Archaebacteria & Eubacteria)
eukaryotic - (mostly multicellular (except for some protists), 1.5byo, larger, have
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Animals)
What is a change in gene frequency of a population over time due to natural
selection? - ANSWER- Evolution
Evolution occurs primarily by what process? - ANSWER- Natural selection
What is the following process called? Individuals in a species that are better
suited for their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their more
favorable genes than those individuals with less favorable genes. - ANSWER-
Natural selection
Sexual reproduction increases a species' likelihood of surviving in a changing
environment and increases the rate of evolution. How does it do this? - ANSWER-
Genetic diversity
How does growth occur in a multicellular organism? - ANSWER- Cell replication
Order from smallest to largest: atoms up to the Universe (i.e., atoms, molecules,
macromolecules, etc.) - ANSWER- atoms > molecules > macromolecules (i.e.
nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) > organelles > cells > tissue >
organs > organ systems > organism > population > ecosystem > biosphere >
Earth > solar system > galaxy > local group > super cluster > Universe
,What is the use of one or more of the senses (chemoreceptors, photoreceptors,
etc.) to perceive objects or events? - ANSWER- Observation
What is the process of drawing conclusions on the basis of facts or past
experiences? - ANSWER- Inferring
(T or F) In science, in order to reach an informed opinion on an issue you must be
able to look at the issue from as many view points as possible. - ANSWER- True
The cell theory, theory of natural selection, theories of specific and general
relativity, big bang theory, and theory of plate tectonics are generally accepted by
scientists today because... - ANSWER- of repeated testing over periods of many
years
List in order the electrical charges of protons, neutrons and electrons and where
each is located in an atom. - ANSWER- proton = + (nucleus)
neutron = 0 (nucleus)
electron = - (surrounding nucleus)
Which of the above subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
determines the type of element? (All elements of a particular type have the same
number of what subatomic particles?) - ANSWER- Protons
What is the difference between an element, an ion, a compound and a molecule? -
ANSWER- elements = atoms having the same number of protons thus the same
chemical properties
ion = charged atom or molecule
compound = 2 or more different atoms chemically bound
molecule = 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
What are bonds that form from the SHARING of pairs of electrons between atoms
such as carbon and hydrogen? - ANSWER- covalent
How do ionic bonds form? - ANSWER- bonds formed from the attraction of
opposite charges because atoms are giving or receiving electrons
, Muddy water is an example of what type of mixture? - ANSWER- heterogeneous
mixture (suspension)
In photosynthesis, _________ energy is converted into ________ energy. -
ANSWER- - light energy is converted into chemical energy
What substances increase the rate of a chemical reaction without themselves
being used up in the reaction? - ANSWER- catalysts
What 6 elements make up 99% of all living things? - ANSWER- H, O, N, C, S, P
What things are involved in reactions where proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and
carbohydrates are broken down during digestion in the small intestine by the
addition of water? - ANSWER- hydrolysis (add water to break bonds) and
enzymes
What things are involved in reactions where proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and
carbohydrates are made by adding water? - ANSWER- dehydration synthesis
(removal of water to form bonds) and enzymes.
What are the building block monomers of carbohydrates? - ANSWER-
monosaccharides = simple sugars
Triglycerides are composed of what building block monomers? - ANSWER- 3
fatty acids and glycerol.
Proteins are composed of what building block monomers? - ANSWER- Amino
Acids
What ultimately determines what protein is made and how? - ANSWER- DNA
What are the building block monomers of enzymes? - ANSWER- Amino Acids
What 3 conditions denature enzymes? - ANSWER- heat, high pH, low pH
