Exam (elaborations)
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR 507 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
- Course
- Institution
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR 507 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR 507FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
FatUSolubleUHormonesU-UANSWERUSteroids
WaterUSolubleUHormonesU-
UANSWERUNeedU2ndUMessengerUtoUtransportUacrossUphospholipidUmembranes
PituitaryUHormonesU-
UANSWERUTSH,UGH,UACTH,UFSH,ULH,UOxytocin,UADH,UMelanocyteUStimulatingUHormone
AnteriorUPituitaryU-
UANSWERUAcctUforU75%UofUtotalUweightUofUpituitaryUgland.UThreeUregions,UparsUdistalis,UpartsUtuberalis,Ua
ndUparsUintermedia.UParsUdistalisUisUmajorUcomponentUofUAnteriorUPituitaryUandUsourceUofUAnteriorUPituit
aryUHormones.
PosteriorUPituitaryU(neurohypophysis)U-
UANSWERUArisesUfromU3rdUventricleUofUbrain,UconsistsUofUthreeUparts,UmedianUeminence,UpituitaryUstalk,U
andUinfundibularUprocessU(parsUnervosaUorUneuralUtube).UMedianUeminenceUisUcomposedUmainlyUofUnerv
eUendingsUofUaxonsUthatUariseUprimarilyUfromUventralUhypothalamus.
HypothalamicUreleasingUHormonesUinUPosteriorUpituitary'sUmedianUeminence.U-
UANSWERUIncludesU10UhypothalamicUreleasingUhormonesUandUneurotransmittersUsuchUasUdopamine,Unor
epinephrine,Userotonin,Uacetylcholine,UandUhistamine.
PituitaryUstalkU-
UANSWERUcontainsUaxonsUofUneuronsUthatUoriginateUinUtheUsupraopticUandUparaventricularUnucleiUofUtheU
hypothalamus.
HormonesUofUposteriorUpituitaryU-UANSWERUADH,UandUOxytocinU(PeptideUHormones)
,ADHU(antidiureticUHormone)U-
UANSWERUMajorUhomeostaticUfunctionUofUposteriorUpituitaryUisUcontrolUofUplasmaUosmolality,UasUregulate
dUbyUADH
HypothalamicUhormonesUandUtargetUtissuesU(HypophysiotropicUhormones)U-
UANSWERUHORMONES:UThyrotropinUReleasingUHormoneU(TRH),UGonadotropoin-
releasingUhormoneU(GnRH),USomatostatin,UGrowthUhormone-releasingUhormoneU(GHRH),Ucorticotropin-
releasingUhormoneU(CRH),
SubstanceUP,UDopamine,UProlactin-releasingUfactor.
TARGETUTissue:UAnteriorUPituitary
SomatostatinU-UANSWERUInhibitsUreleaseUofUgrowthUhormoneUandUTSH
Gonadotropoin-releasingUhormoneU-UANSWERUStimulatesUreleaseUofUFSHUandULH
DopamineU-UANSWERUInhibitsUsynthesisUandUsecretionUofUprolactin
Prolactin-releasingUfactorU(PRF)U-UANSWERUStimulateUsecretionUofUprolactin
TropicUHormonesUofUAnteriorUPituitaryUandUtheirUfunctionU-UANSWERUACTH,UMelanocyte-
stimulatingUHormoneU(MSH,USomatotropicUhormones,UGH,Uprolactin,ULH,UTSH,UFSH,UglycoproteinUhormon
es
AdrenocorticotropicUhormoneU(ACTH)U-UANSWERUSECRETORYUCELLUTYPE:UCorticotropic
TARGETUORGANS:UAdrenalUGlandU(cortex)
FUNCTIONS:UIncreasedUsteroidogenesisU(cortisol,UandUandrogenicUhormones
Prolactin,U-UANSWERUMilkUproduction
TSHU-UANSWERUIncreasedUproductionUandUsecretionUofUthyroidUhormone
,LuteinizingUHormoneU(LH)U-UANSWERUOvulation,UprogesteroneUproductionU(inUglanulosaUcells)
FollicleUStimulatingUHormoneU(FSH)U-
UANSWERUFollicleUmaturation,UestrogenUproductionU(InUWomen:UGranulosaUCells,UInUMen:USertoliUCells)
B-LipotropinU-UANSWERUFatUbreakdownUandUreleaseUofUfattyUacidsU(Corticotropic,UfromUAdiposeUCells)
B-EndorphinsU-
UANSWERUAnalgesia;UmayUregulateUbodyUtemp,UfoodUandUwaterUintakeU(Corticotropic,UAdiposeUcells,Ubrai
nUopioidUreceptors)
ADHUfunctionsU-
UANSWERUHomeostasis,UcontrolUplasmaUosmolality.UActsUofUVasopressinU2U(V2)UreceptorsUofUrenalUtubular
UcellsUtoUincreaseUpermeabilityUwhichUleadsUtoUincreasedUwaterUreabsorptionUintoUtheUbloodUandUproduct
ionUofUmoreUconcentratedUurine,UtheseUmayUbeUinhibitedUbyUhypercalcemia,UprostaglandinUE,UandUhypok
alemia.
OsmoreceptorsU-UANSWERU
HighUlevelsUofUADHU-UANSWERUActsUonUVasopressinU1UreceptorsUcausingUvasoconstriction
ADHUsecretionUisUcontrolledUby:U-
UANSWERUosmoreceptorsUofUtheUhypothalamus.UStimulatedUbyUincreasedUplasmaUosmolality,UthenUADHUs
ecretionUisUincreased,UwaterUisUthenUreabsorbedUfromUtheUkidney,UandUplasmaUisUdilutedUtoUits'UsetpointU
osmolalityU(280UmOsm/kg).UADHUhasUanUindirectUaffectUonUelectrolyteUlevelsUdueUtoUincreasedUwaterUrea
bsorption.UElectrolytesUmayUdecrease.
ADHUsecretionUisUalsoUincreasedUbyUchangesUinUintravascularUvolumeUmonitoredUbyUmechanoreceptorsUin
UleftUatriumUandUcarotidUandUaorticUarches.UVolumeUlossUthroughUtraumaU(7%-
25%)UactsUonUreceptorsUtoUstimulateUADHUsecretion.
ADHUsecretionUdecreasedUwith:U-
UANSWERUDecreaseUinUplasmaUosmolality,UincreaseUinUintravascularUvolume,Uhypertension,UincreaseUinUes
trogen,Uprogesterone,UangiotensinUIIUlevels,UandUalcoholUingestion
, ADHU(givenUasUVasopressin)UmayUhelpUto:U-
UANSWERUIncreaseUBPUandUtoUachieveUhemostasisUduringUvolumeUlossUduringUshockUstates.
OxytocinU-
UANSWERUResponsibleUforUcontractionUofUuterusUandUmilkUejectionUinUlactation,UandUmayUeffectUspermUm
otilityUinUmen.UOxytocinUisUstimulatedUbyUsuckingUandUmechanicalUdistentionUofUfemaileUreproductionUtra
ct.UOxytocinUbindsUtoUmyoepithelialUcellsUinUmammaryUtissuesUandUcausesUtheUcontractionUofUthoseUcells.
U"letUdown"Ureflex
HormonesUofUAnteriorUPituitaryU-UANSWERUACTH,UMSH,ULH,UGH,UFSH,UandUTSH
AnteriorUPituitaryUcomposedUofUtwoUmainUcellUtypes:U-UANSWERUChromophobes,UandUchromophils
ChromophobesUappearUtoUbeUnon-
secretory,UandUChromophilsUareUsecretoryUcellsUofUtheUadenohypophysis.
ChromophilsUandUits'UsevenUsecretoryUcellUtypesU-UANSWERU
RegulationUofUanteriorUpituitaryUisUachievedUby:U-UANSWERUfeedbackUfromUhypothalamicUreleasing-
inhibitoryUhormonesUandUfactors,UandUfeedbackUfromUtargetUglandUhormonesU(cortisol,Uestrogen).
GrowthUHormoneUsecretionUisUcontrolledUbyU2UhormonesUfromUtheU__________________,U___________
___________andU________________U-UANSWERUhypothalamus,UGrowthUHormone-
releasingUhormoneU(GHRH)UwhichUreleases,UandUsomatostatinUwhichUinhibitsUGH.
GHUisUreleasedUbyUthe?U-
UANSWERUGHUisUreleasedUfromUtheUpituitaryUinUaUpulsatileUfashion,UandUoverallUsecretionUpeaksUduringUad
olescence.
GHUisUessentialUforUwhat?U-
UANSWERUGrowth,UeffectsUofUaging,Usleep,UnutritionalUstatus,Ustress,UandUreproductiveUhormones
AnabolicUfunctionsUofUGHUareUmediatedUby?U-UANSWERUpartiallyUbyUinsulin-
likeUgrowthUfactorsU(IGF's)UorUalsoUcalledUsomatomedins.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Performance. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now