Class notes
AU Pharmacology genitourinary Notes
- Course
- NUR 0302-388
- Institution
- Adelphi University
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on genitourinary Notes for pharmacology.
[Show more]
Content preview
Genitourinary- Discomfort, fear, psychosocial issues, & pt needs**,, what you do for the pt!
- A&P = kidneys, abdominal aorta, renal arteries/veins, ureters, bladder, urethra
- Glomerulus, neurons to promote urine
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS system)...think BP**
- Labs = BUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance/GFR
- Urinalysis = osmolarity (ratio of solute-water) & osmolality (pressure)
- Color, pH, clarity (turbidity), bacteria, nitrates (UTI), glucose, casts, RBCs
& crystals (should be none*), epithelial cells
- Urine collection
- Voided urine
- Clean-catch specimen or Catheterized specimen
- 24 hr urine
- Spot lytes (electrolytes in 1 void ~reg urinalysis)
- Other tests = KUB (xray), IVP (dye/lights up system, no shellfish allergies**/functioning
kidneys ~BUN/creat is needed before), CT/MRI, cystoscopy, urodynamic studies
Kidneys can make: renin, prostaglandins, bradykinins, erythropoietin (RBC produc), & vit D
Hormones that influence kidney function = ADH/vasopressin, aldosterone, natriuretic hormones
Problems USUALLY involve urine storage & excretion,, these GENERALLY do not contribute to
hemostatic purposes of urinary elimination BUT kidney failure will cause multiple problems
● Can be infectious or non infectious
Infectious Disorders or Urinary
● Cystitis vs urethritis
UTIs
● Second most common reason for seeking health care
● Common site of nosocomial infection,, typically in urethra & bladder
● Lower UTIs
○ Cystitis (bladder)
○ Prostatitis
○ Urethritis
● Upper UTIs
○ Pyelonephritis = cute or
chronic
○ Institutional nephritis
○ Renal abscess and
perirenal abscess
● Risk factors = function of
glycosaminoglycan (GAG),
urethrovesical reflux,
ureterovesical reflux, uropathogenic bacteria (E. Coli), shorter urethra in women**
, ● No fragrances, no douching, empty frequently, cotton underwear
Cystitis (UTI in bladder)
● Inflammation of the bladder (irritation or microorganism)
○ Infection ~ E.coli, bacteria ~candida
● r/f = Irritation, trauma, catheterization (outside/inside catheter), poor hygiene/sexual
practices, females, menopause, constipation
○ Pericare ***, washed w/ soap & water, clean drainage bag, clean technique when
emptying
○ Can lead to pyelonephritis and sepsis (urosepsis)
● S/S = change in frequency/urgency, dysuria, cloudy urine/foul odor, confusion in older
adults
● Lab tests = urinalysis** (leukocyte esterase, nitrate, bacteria, blood, >20 epithelial cells)
& urine culture/sensitivity
● Tx = appropriate antibiotic** …pyridium (pain relief only)
● Prevention = void frequently (before & after intercourse), hygiene, increase fluids, avoid
vaginal washes, cranberry juice
Urethritis Symptoms
● Frequency, Urgency, Dysuria, Urethral discharge
● Could be caused by STDs
● Elderly = FALLS WITH ALL UTIs
○ If elderly comes in from a fall really confused you want to send them for a UA
(check for UTI) & a chest x ray (check for pneumonia)
Management of UTIs
● Prevention = avoid indwelling catheters; exercise proper care of catheters
● Exercise correct personal hygiene, cotton underwear, no baths, no wet clothing, no
douching or fragrance products, wipe front to back, urinate after sex, void often***
● antibiotics, analgesics, and antispasmodics
○ Apply heat to the perineum to relieve pain and spasm
○ Increase fluid intake & fiber
● Avoid urinary tract irritants such as coffee, tea, citrus, spices, cola, and alcohol
● Catheters are sterile on the inside (aseptic technique) & clean outside bag
○ Pyridium = NORMAL SE is orange urine
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
● Acute or chronic inflammation due to bacterial infection of the parenchyma and pelvis of
the kidney (kidney infection w/ same organisms that climbed all the way up)
● 95% of cases are caused by the gram-negative enteric bacilli (Eschieria coli)
● Occurs more frequently in young women (short urethra) and older men (BPH)
● Risk factors = obstruction (kidney stones), HTN, hypokalemia, DM, pregnancy, UTIs,
catheterization (CAUTI), quadraplegic (self catheterization @ home), BPH
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now