100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary AU Pharmacology Exam 3 Study Guide $12.99   Add to cart

Summary

Summary AU Pharmacology Exam 3 Study Guide

 4 views  0 purchase

This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 3 for Pharmacology. *Essential Study Material!! *For you, at a price that's worth it!!

Preview 3 out of 24  pages

  • September 10, 2024
  • 24
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
All documents for this subject (17)
avatar-seller
anyiamgeorge19
Respiratory Drugs:

Asthma-
❖ Characteristics- Bronchoconstriction, Inflammations
❖ Symptoms- dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, cough, sputum production
❖ Pathophysiology
➢ Bronchoconstriction narrows airways- sphincter action can completely occlude
airway and it is aggravated by inflammation, mucosal edema, excessive mucus
➢ Mast cells release substances in response to causative stimuli=
bronchoconstriction and inflammation

Two main pharm classes for asthma

❖ Anti-inflammatory against- Glucocorticoids, cromolyn, montelukast (singular)
❖ Bronchodilators- Beta 2-agonists (albuterol/ terbutaline), theophylline/aminophylline and
inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium)
Client teaching

❖ Take meds as prescribed
❖ Consult with provider before stopping
❖ Use bronchodilators first and follow with corticosteroids 5 minutes later if on both drugs.
❖ Rinse and spit after inhalation therapy
❖ 1 minute between puffs
❖ Use a tight fitting mask in infants and children.
Corticosteroid/ glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory drug)

● Most effective drug to treat asthma (first line therapy)
● Supressess inflammation
● inhalation= moderate to severe asthma symptoms use daily (beclomethasone
dipropionate) , oral and IV= sever symptoms (prednisone)
○ The two main drugs, all drugs always end in ONE
● Used for prevention therapy. They are not used to abort an ongoing attack. Used on a
regularly scheduled basis and not PRN
● Side effects (more of a long term side effects, short term they get more of local reactions)
○ Oropharyngeal candidiasis
○ Sydphonia (hoarseness, speaking difficulty)
○ Adrenal suppression (long term use)
○ Bone loss (particularly in premenopausal women)
○ Slow growth in children (long term use)
○ Peptic ulcer
○ Infection
● Ways to decrease side effects
○ Decrease dose (do not give to high of dose)
○ Rinse mouth after use
○ Use a spacer

, ● Nursing considerations
○ Not for acute attack, give the lowest possible dose, regular schedules does not
PRN
○ Supplemental dose as needed in time of stress (trauma, surgery, infection)
○ Taper dose
○ Dry mouth use humidifier, increase fluid
○ Observes signs of infection(fever, sore throat) and electrolyte imbalance (weight
gain, edema, weakness)
○ NSAIDs increase GI ulcer and bleeding
Cromolyn

● Mast cell stabilizer (long term txt for allergy related asthma)
● Used for prophylaxis, not quick relief
● Suppress inflammation
● Nebulizer- inhalation
● Adverse effects: safest of all anti asthma medications, dry mouth/cough/bronchospasm/
bitter aftertaste/headache
● prophylaxis= exercise induced asthma- use 15 min before/ long term reg schedule daily
Montelukast (antileukotriene drugs- these drugs always end in Lukast)

● Actions: prevent the effects of leukotrienes, thereby suppressing inflammation,
bronchoconstriction, airway edema and mucous production
● Indication: long term management of asthma
● Use with caution with those who have liver dysfunction
● Montelukast is the most commonly used receptor blocker
● Not used for quick relief
● PO
● s/e: headache
● Monitor liver function- little bit of concern
Bronchodilators

● Provide symptomatic relief but do not alter the underlying disease process (inflammation)
○ In almost all cases, patient taking a bronchodilator should also be taking a
glucocorticoid for long term suppression of inflammation
● Some can cause heart problem
Beta 1 adrenergic (activated with stress)
● Heart- increase heart rate and the force of contraction and conduction (AV node) (cardiac
arrest, HF, shock) (altered rhythm and angina
● Kidney-renin released
Beta 2 adrenergic (used for asthma)(activated with stress)

● Bronchial dilation (asthma)
● Relaxation of uterine muscle (delay of preterm labor)

, ● Glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose)
● Side effects (hyperglycemia and tremor)
Beta 2- adrenergic agonist

● Most effective drug for relief of acute bronchospasm and prevention of exercise induced
bronchospasm
● Quick relief and long term control
● Adverse effects
○ Inhaled- systemic effects- tachycardia, angina and tremor
○ Oral- excessive dosage-angina pectoris, tachydysrhythmias, tremors
Albuterol (proventil) (short acting bronchodilator

● Used in the management of reversible airway obstruction
● Action: bind to beta 2 adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle
● Adverse effects
○ NS: nervousness, restlessness, tremor, headache, insomnia
○ Cardiovascular: chest pain, palpitations, angina, hypertension, tachycardia (high
dose)
● Nursing considerations
○ Avoid caffeine
○ Bronchodilator before glucocorticoid
○ Monitor tachycardia, angina, hypertension
formoterol/salmeterol (long acting bronchodilator)
● Can increase the risk of asthma related death
● Should be used only by patients taking an inhaled glucocorticoid for long term control
and only if it is inadequate by itself
● Regular not PRN


Theophylline (theolair, theochron)
● Narrow therapeutic index- Plasma level 10 to 20 mcg/ml
● CV toxicity: mild (N/V, diarrhea, restlessness), severe (tachycardia, arrhythmia,
convulsion-> 30 mcg/ml)
● Nursing consideration- avoid coffee/ monitor plasma level/ monitor tachycardia/seizures
Ipratropium (atrovent)
● Inhaled anticholinergics
● Dresses stimulation of PNS: dry mouth, urinary retention, hoarseness, increased
intraocular pressure (routine test for glaucoma)
● Not for emergenyc resume
● Beta2 agonist increase bronchodilation
● Not for patients allergic to peanuts

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82215 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart