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NR507- ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR507- ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR507- ADVANCEDPATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
AcuteQrenalQfailureQ-QANSWERQReversible
DeterminingQprognosis-
QkidneysQrespondQtoQdiureticQwithQgoodQoutput;QthisQindicatesQthatQkidneysQareQfunctioningQwell
AcuteQPyelonephritisQ-
QANSWERQDiagnosingQbyQclinicalQsymptomsQaloneQcanQbeQdifficult;QcanQbeQsimilarQtoQcystitis
DiagnosisQestablishedQby:
-UrineQculture
-UrinalysisQ(WBCQcastsQindicatesQpyelonephritis,QbutQmayQnotQalwaysQbeQpresent)
-Signs/Symptoms
-ComplicatedQpyelonephritisQrequiresQbloodQculturesQandQurinaryQtractQimaging
RenalQCalculiQ(RenalQStones)Q-QANSWERQGoalsQofQTreatment:
ManageQacuteQpain
PromoteQpassageQofQstone
ReduceQsizeQofQstone
PreventQnewQstoneQformation
ChronicQRenalQFailureQ-
QANSWERQChronicQKidneyQDiseaseQ(CKD)QisQaQprogressiveQlossQofQrenalQfunctionQassociatedQwithQsystemic
QdiseaseQsuchQasQhypertension,QdiabetesQmellitusQ(mostQsignificantQriskQfactor),QsystemicQlupusQerythema
tosusQorQintrinsicQkidneyQdisease
CKDQstageQisQdeterminedQbyQestimatesQofQGFRQandQalbuminuria
, WhoQisQaQcandidateQforQdialysis?Q-QANSWERQEnd-
stageQrenalQdiseaseQ(ESRD)QisQtheQfinalQstageQofQCKDQwithQtheQnumberQoneQcauseQbeingQdiabetesQmellitu
sQcombinedQwithQhypertension.QAtQthisQpoint,QtheQpatientQisQcompletelyQdependentQonQdialysisQtoQsurviv
e.
CKDQisQclassifiedQintoQfiveQstagesQandQisQbasedQonQtheQpatient'sQGFRQratherQthanQsymptoms.
PatientsQwillQneedQdialysisQwhenQtheQfollowingQsymptomsQareQpresent:
--MetabolicQacidosis.
--Hyperkalemia:QHyperkalemiaQinQtheQpresenceQofQEKGQchangesQ(peakedQT-
waves)QisQanQindicationQforQdialysis.Q--HyperkalemiaQbyQitselfQisQnotQanQindicationQforQdialysis.
--
DrugQtoxicity:QDrugQtoxicityQdueQtoQtheQfollowingQdrugsQisQanQindicationQforQdialysisQandQincludeQsalicylat
es,QLithium,QIsopropanol,QMethanolQandQEthyleneQglycol).
--FluidQvolumeQoverloadQthatQisQnotQresponsiveQtoQdiuretics.
--UremicQsymptomsQdueQtoQnitrogenousQwastesQinQtheQbloodQstream.
StageQIQCKDQ-QANSWERQThereQisQkidneyQdamageQwithQnormalQorQelevatedQGFR
90-120
StageQIIQCKDQ-QANSWERQThereQisQkidneyQdamageQwithQmildQdecreaseQinQGFR
60-89
StageQIIIQCKDQ-QANSWERQThereQisQaQmoderateQdecreaseQinQGFR
30-59
StageQIVQCKDQ-QANSWERQThereQisQaQsevereQdecreaseQinQGFR
15-29
StageQVQCKDQ-QANSWERQKidneyQfailure-QEnd-stageQrenalQdisease
<15Q(dialysis)QOnceQStageQIVQisQreached,QprogressionQtoQStageQVQisQinevitableQasQwellQasQdialysisQorQkidne
yQtransplant
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