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NSG-430 Exam 1 questions with correct answers
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NSG-430 Exam 1 questions with correct answers
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NSG-430 Exam 1 questions with correctanswers
palliative \care \- \ANSWERS✔✔ \-Care \or \treatment \focusing \on \reducing \the \severity \of \symptoms
-Begins \during \curative \or \restorative \health \care
-Extends \into \end-of-life \care
-Bereavement \care \follows \death
Goals: \
-Regard \dying \as \a \normal \process
-Provide \relief \from \symptoms, \including \pain
-Affirm \life \and \neither \hasten \nor \postpone \death
-Support \holistic \patient \care \and \enhance \quality \of \life
-Offer \support \to \patients \to \live \as \actively \as \possible \until \death
-Offer \support \to \the \family \during \the \patient's \illness \and \in \their \own \bereavement
-Indication: \diagnosis \of \a \life-limiting \illness \such \as \cancer, \heart \failure, \COPD, \dementia, \or \ESRD \
-Involves: \
-Interprofessional \collaboration: \includes \physicians, \nurses, \social \workers, \pharmacists, \chaplains, \and
\others
-Ongoing \communication: \important \for \optimal \care \
-Care \in \multiple \settings: \home, \long-term \care, \acute \care, \mental \health \facilities, \rehabilitation \
centers, \and \prisons
hospice \- \ANSWERS✔✔ \-Curative \care \is \forgone
-Requires \physician \certification \that \life \expectancy \is \6 \months \or \less
-Initiated \only \after \the \decision \is \made \by \the \patient \or \a \proxy \not \to \pursue \a \cure
,death \- \ANSWERS✔✔ \-Occurs \when \all \vital \organs \and \body \systems \cease \to \function
-Irreversible \cessation \of \cardiovascular, \respiratory, \and \brain \function
brain \death \- \ANSWERS✔✔ \-Irreversible \loss \of \all \brain \functions \including \the \brainstem
-Cerebral \cortex \stops \functioning \or \is \destroyed
-Exact \definition \of \death \can \be \controversial
-Technological \developments \in \life \support \have \led \to \questions \about \when \death \actually \occurs:
•When \the \whole \brain \(cortex \and \brainstem) \ceases \activity
•Or \when \function \of \the \cortex \alone \stops.
-The \American \Academy \of \Neurology \developed \the \diagnostic \criteria \that \must \be \validated \by \a \
physician:
•Coma \or \unresponsiveness
•Absence \of \brainstem \reflexes
•Apnea
-Currently \legal \and \medical \standards \require \that \all \brain \function \must \cease \for \brain \death \to \be \
pronounced \and \life \support \to \be \disconnected.
-In \some \states \and \under \specific \circumstances, \registered \nurses \are \legally \permitted \to \pronounce \
death.
-Diagnosis \of \brain \death \is \of \particular \importance \when \organ \donation \is \an \option.
end \of \life \- \ANSWERS✔✔ \-Final \phase \of \a \patient's \illness, \when \death \is \imminent
-Diagnosis \of \a \terminal \illness \to \actual \death \varies \depending \on \diagnosis \and \extent \of \disease
-The \period \of \time \during \which \an \individual \copes \with \declining \health \from \a \terminal \illness \or \
from \the \frailties \associated \with \advanced \age \even \if \death \is \not \clearly \imminent.
-End-of-life \care \(EOL \care) \is \the \term \used \for \issues \and \services \related \to \death \and \dying. \EOL \
care \focuses \on \physical \and \psychosocial \needs \for \the \patient \and \family.
Goals:
,-Provide \comfort \and \supportive \care \during \dying \process
-Improve \quality \of \remaining \life
-Help \ensure \a \dignified \death
-Provide \emotional \support \to \family
-Uncertainty \about \how \close \at \hand \the \end \is \adds \to \the \challenge \of \answering \patient \and \
family \questions \including \"how \much \time \is \left?"
-Nurses \spend \more \time \with \patients \near \the \end \of \life \than \do \any \other \health \care \
professionals.
physical \manifestations \at \end \of \life \- \ANSWERS✔✔ \-Metabolism \is \decreased
-Body \function \slows \down \until \all \function \ends
-Respiration \generally \ceases \first
-Heart \stops \beating \within \a \few \minutes
Respiratory \System:
-Irregular \breathing \that \gradually \slows \and \becomes \more \shallow
-Breath \sounds \may \become \wet \and \noisy, \both \audibly \and \on \auscultation.
-Cheyne-Stokes \respiration: \pattern \of \breathing \characterized \by \alternating \periods \of \apnea \and \
rapid \deep \breathing
-Inability \to \cough \or \clear \secretions: \grunting, \gurgling, \or \noisy \congested \breathing \("death \rattle")
-Noisy, \wet-sounding \respirations, \termed \the \death \rattle \or \terminal \secretions, \are \caused \by \
mouth \breathing \and \accumulation \of \mucus \in \the \airways.
Hearing, \Touch:
-Hearing \is \usually \last \sense \to \disappear
-Decreased \sensation
-Decreased \perception \of \pain \and \touch
-The \sense \of \touch \is \decreased \first \in \the \lower \extremities \because \of \circulatory \alterations
, Taste, \Smell, \and \Sight:
-Blurring \of \vision
-Blink \reflex \absent
-Patient \appears \to \stare
-Eyelids \remain \half-open
-Decreased \sense \of \taste \and \smell
Integumentary \System:
-Mottling \on \hands, \feet, \arms, \and \legs: \looks \faintly \like \purple \and \white \leopard \skin
-Cold, \clammy \skin
-Cyanosis \of \nose, \nail \beds, \knees
-"Waxlike" \skin \when \very \near \death
-The \skin \cools \first \on \lower, \then \upper \extremities \and \finally \the \torso \unless \a \fever \is \present.
Urinary \System:
-Gradual \decrease \in \urinary \output
-Incontinent \of \urine
-Unable \to \urinate
Gastrointestinal \System:
-Slowing \of \digestive \tract
-Accumulation \of \gas
-Distention \and \nausea
-Loss \of \sphincter \control
-Bowel \movement \may \occur \before \imminent \death \or \at \the \time \of \death
-Pain \relieving \drugs \can \accelerate \the \loss \of \GI \function
Musculoskeletal \System:
-Gradual \loss \of \ability \to \move
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