PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5TH
EDITION TOMMIE L NORRIS testbank/ALL CHAPTER 1-52
|COMPLETE GUIDE 2024
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,Ch 1- Concepts of Health and Illness
1. At an international nursing conference, many
discussions and breakout sessions focusedon the
World Health Organization (WHO) views on health.
Of the following commentsmade by practitioners
during adiscussion session, which statements would
be considered a good representation of the WHO
definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population
engaged in such activities as bookreviews and
word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes
provided in the skilled carefacilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly
population diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
under tight blood glucose control by providing
in-home cookingclasses
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis clients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
Ans: A, B, C, E
Rationale:->
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of illness and infirmity.” Engaging in
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic illness. Handwashing is vital
in the prevention of illness and spread of germs.
2. A community health practitioner is teaching a group of recent graduates about the
large variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The
practitioner is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S.
Department of Health andHuman Services as a teaching example. Of the following
aspects discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is
outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular illness related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
Ans: B
Rationale:->
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to
health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels
within the presence of a family history of CV illness does not meet the “attaining lives
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, free of preventable illness and premature death” determinant.
3. A physician is providing care for a number of clients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
between illnesss that are caused by abnormal molecules and illnesss that cause illness.
Which of the following clients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
molecules that cause illness?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
familial hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
therapy and chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
is HIV positive.
Ans: D
Rationale:->
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to illness. Sickle
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the
effects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
aspects of clients' situations bN
esUt chSaracterTizBes paOthMogenesis rather than etiology?
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B
Rationale:->
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of illness, such as the
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver illness. Bacteria, poisons, and
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
5. A new myocardial infarction client requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of
the pathogenesis of coronary artery illness is addressed. Which statement by the client
verifies to the practitioner that he has understood the practitioner's teachings about
coronary artery illness?
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
French fries every day.”
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
Ans: C
Rationale:->
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery illness (CAD) is unknown; however, the
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, pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from
a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery illness.
Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of
exercise.
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inclient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary illness (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
client for the first time. Which ofRtheIfolGloTwin.gCaOspMects of the client's current state of
health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A) The client's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the client's lower lung fields
bilaterally.
D) The client's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
Ans: B
Rationale:->
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of illness.
7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a illness or
outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
to intestinal aganglionosis
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an
antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a client diagnosed with
Parkinson illness
E) Loss of short-term memory in a client diagnosed with Alzheimer illness
Ans: A, C
Rationale:->
Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following chemotherapy are
both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a illness or outcome from
treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As Parkinson
illness progresses, the inability to walk independently is expected. This is a normal
progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in a
client diagnosed with Alzheimer illness is an expected finding.
8. Laboratory testing is ordered for a male client during a clinic visit for a routine
follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the practitioner
knowsthat
A) a normal value represenNtsUtheSteN st reTsuBlts that fall within the bell curve.
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
illness free.
Ans: A
Rationale:->
What is termed a normal value for a laboratory test is established statistically from
results obtained from a selected sample of people. A normal value represents the test
results that fall within the bell curve or the 95% distribution. Some lab values (like
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