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PMCOL 344 - Immunity Exam Latest Update
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PMCOL 344 - Immunity ExamLatest Update
Cyclosporine - Answer Calcineurin inhibitor, effective immunosuppressive drugs. Lipid
soluble antibiotic that forms a complex with cyclophilin A. Inhibits phosphatase activity
of calcineurin and prevents NFAT nuclear translocation. Inhibits T-cells from producing
IL-2 but does not block effect on IL-primed cells. Inhibits generation of Tregs,
suppresses some humeral immunity, and affects innate immune cells.
Tacrolimus - Answer Calcineurin inhibitor, effective immunosuppressant. Antibiotic that
forms a complex with immunophilins (FKBP12). Inhibits phosphatase activity of
calcineurin and prevents NFAT nuclear translocation. Inhibits T-cells from producing
IL-2 but does not block effect on IL-primed cells. Inhibits generation of Tregs,
suppresses some humeral immunity, and affects innate immune cells. 100x more potent
than cyclosporine. Neuro- and nephrotoxicities observed.
Rapamycin (Sirolimus) - Answer Allosteric mTOR inhibitor, macrolide antibiotic. Other
rapalogs exist. Binds to cytoplasmic receptor FKBP12 (matchmaker drug).
FKBP12-rapamycin complex disrupts association of mTOR and mTORC1-specific
components (uncouples mTORC1 from its substrates). DOES NOT IMPAIR KINASE
ACTIVTY SPECIFICALLY. Other effects in most cells seen.
Glucocorticoids - Answer Decrease both the innate and adaptive immune responses (no
reported effects on B-cells). Specifically, they suppress CD4+ activation and signalling
and inhibit DC maturation (and decrease their ability to activate T cells). Promote
production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10).
Teplizumab - Answer Humanized anti-CD3 antibody. Non-antigen specific therapy,
targets all activated T cells. Aimed to cause death of auto-reactive T-cells in MS and
diabetes but initially caused cytokines release syndrome in MS patients. Changed to
prevent binding to FcRs would avoided cytokine issue, ADCC< ADCP, and CDC. Induces
anergy of activated Th1 cells. Blocks cytotoxic T cells. Delays the onset of type 1
diabetes.
Ibalizumab - Answer Humanized monoclonal antibody specific to CD4+, inhibits HIV-1
infections (non-immunosuppressive). Binds to extracellular region of CD4 and does not
inhibit HIV gp120 binding to CD4 but prevents CD4-bound gp120 from interacting with
CCR5 or CXCR4. Blocks viral entry into CD4 cells.
Abatacept - Answer Recombinant fusion protein that inhibits CD28 (soluble). Consists of
the extracellular domain of CTLA4 fused to Fc portion of IgG. Binds to CD80 and CD86
on APCs and prevents binding to CD28 on T cells (reduces co-stimulatory signal).
Decreases T cell proliferation and inhibits production of TNFa and IL-2. Used to treat
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