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PMCOL 371 - Lecture 18- Hypothalamic Circuitry Exam Study Guide
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PMCOL 371 - Lecture 18-Hypothalamic Circuitry Exam
Study Guide
What are the 3 zones of the hypothalamus? What is the role of each of these zones? -
Answer 1. paraventricular (endocrine regulation)
2. middle zone (ANS and pituitary regulation)
3. lateral zone (integrates telencephalic limbic info)
What are the two main afferents inputs to the hypothalamus? - Answer 1. brainstem
2. ganglion cells of retina
What are the 6 nuclei that send afferents to the hypothalamus? - Answer 1. dorsal and
ventral tegmental nuceli
2. raphe nuclei (midbrain)
3. parabrachial nucleus (pons)
4. locus coeruleus (pons)
5. nucleus raphe magnus (medulla)
6. NTS (medulla)
What is the neurotransmitter that neurons of the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei
project to the hypothalamus? - Answer dopamine
What is the neurotransmitter that neurons of the midbrain raphe nuclei project to the
hypothalamus? - Answer 5HT
What is the neurotransmitter that neurons of the parabrachial nucleus in pons project to
the hypothalamus? - Answer glutamate
What is the neurotransmitter that neurons of the locus coeruleus in pons project to the
hypothalamus? - Answer noradrenaline
What is the neurotransmitter that neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus in medulla
project to the hypothalamus? - Answer 5HT
What is the neurotransmitter that neurons of the NTS in medulla project to the
, hypothalamus? - Answer glutamate
What is the name of the tract that contains neurons projecting from the ganglion cells of
the retina to the hypothalamus? What neurotransmitter do neurons of this tract release
onto the hypothalamus? - Answer retino-hypothalamic tract - glutamate
What are the 6 main efferent output tracts from the hypothalamus? - Answer 1. medial
forebrain bundle
2. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
3. tuberoinfundibular tract
4. mammillo-thalamic tract
5. mammillotegmental tract
6. brainstem and spinal cord
What area of the hypothalamus does the medial forebrain bundle project from? - Answer
lateral hypothalamus
Where does the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract project to from the hypothalamus? -
Answer to posterior pituitary
Where does the tuberoinfundibular tract project to from the hypothalamus? - Answer to
median eminence
What molecule(s) does the tuberoinfundibular tract convey to the median eminence? -
Answer 1. dopamine to inhibit prolactin release
2. releasing hormones to cause synthesis of hormones in the anterior pituitary
Where does the mammillo-thalamic tract project to from the hypothalamus? - Answer to
anterior thalamic nuclei
Where does the mammillotegmental tract project to from the hypothalamus? - Answer to
dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei
What are the brainstem and spinal cord destinations of hypothalamus destinations? -
Answer 1. DMNV
2. intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord
What are the 3 systems that the hypothalamus coordinates for regulation of emotional
responses? - Answer 1. motor control systems
2. autonomic NS
3. endocrine system
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