HURST REVIEW NCLEX EXAM LATEST UPDATED
VERSION 2024-2025 COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW!!)
Fluid Volume Excess (hypervolemia) - Answer-Too much fluid in the
vascular space caused by: HF, RF, and High Na intake (meds, food, IVF
with Na) and Hormones (aldosterone and ADH)
How does HF cause FVE (Fluid Volume Excess)? - Answer-bc the weak
heart cant perfuse the the kids therefore decreased Urine out put.
How does RF cause FVE? - Answer-the kidneys are not functioning
therefore no urine out put and fluid remains in vasc space
Aldosterone - Answer-created in adrenal glands on Kidneys, it is a
steroid and mineralocosteroid; retains water and sodium. therefore
increases BP
AHD - Answer-anti diuretic therefore RETAINS water only. found in
pituitary therefore any head trauma, surgery, or increased ICP can lead
to ADH issues.
Dx name for it is Vasopressin or "Pressins"
,Too much ADH - Answer-SIADH, therefore reatains water in vasc space.
Urine is concentrated (increased serum spef) and blood is diluted
(decreased Blood HCT).
Too little ADH - Answer-Diabetes insipidus; diuresis fluid leads to FVD
(shock), Urine will be dilute (urine spef will decrease) and blood will be
conc. (HCT will be increased).
the three labs that concentration (increases) and dilution (decreases) -
Answer-Na, Hct, Urine spef
FVE SS - Answer-incresaed: BP, P, RR, CVP (2-6), DW, JVP
wet lungs, polyuria,
P is bounding and full
3rd spacing
FVE trx - Answer-low Na, fluid restriction
I&O and DW
Diuretics
bed rest
FVD (hypovolemia) - Answer-not enough fluid in vasc space which can
lead to shock and is casued by fluid loss, 3rd space, Disease with
polyuria.
,FVD ss - Answer-wt decreases,
poor skin turg,
dry mm
decreased Urine
decrease BP & CVP,
Tachy and weak/thready,
cool clammy r/t vasocons
increase urine spef.
FVD trx - Answer-prevent loss,
replace fluid
safety precs (falls r/t loc),
Hypermagnesemis - Answer-acts like a sedative and think of muscles;
excreted by kidneys therefore:
RF and antacids can be the problem.
Hypermagnesemia ss - Answer-vasodil--> warm/flushing;
decreased DTRS, flaccid tone, decreased LOC/P/RR, and arrythmias
(same as....hypo....)
, Hypermagnesemia trx - Answer-ventilator, dialysis, Ca Gluc (antidote),
safety precs (sedation)
Hypercalcemia - Answer-Sedative, think of the muscles;
caused by hyperparatyroidism too much PTH therefore pulls from
bones into blood; Thiazides retains Ca, and immobility
Hypercalcemia SS - Answer-bones and stones
Decreased DTRs, flaccid,
decrease: P, RR< LOC
arrythmias
Hypercalcemis Trx - Answer-Mobility, increase fluids, inverse r/s with
phos so admin phosphates and calcitonin, steroids, safety precs,
Hypomagnesemia - Answer-Not enough sedative; caused by diarrhea
and alcoholism bc it suprresses ADH and it is a hypertonic solution and
they dont eat.
Hypomagnesemia & Hypocalcemia ss - Answer-Convulsions. confusion
(loc change)
Arrythmias
