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ANTH 102 Oldowan Tool Industry Notes

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This is a comprehensive and detailed note on the Oldowan Tool Industry for Anth 102. *Essential Study Material!! *For you, at a price that's worth it!!

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  • September 10, 2024
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  • 2019/2020
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  • Prof. linville
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The Oldowan Tool Industry: The Oldest Culture
What is CULTURE? Socially transmitted behavior that is passed from generation to generation
 In animals, foraging using tools is generally “tool-assisted” not “tool-dependent”

Ratchet effect: build on knowledge over time, can lead to radical transformations in ideas, technologies--
CUMULATIVE CULTURAL CHANGE

Ratchet effect is generally not obvious in non-human technologies….

Why Study the Oldowan?
Oldest evidence of technology
Major adaptive event in human evolution?
Major Dietary shift?
Archeological sites: restructuring of hominin activities on landscape
Associated with environmental change, turnover of hominin taxa

Interpreting the Oldest Archeological Sites = Oldowan, 1.6 – 2.6 Ma

Type Site for Oldowan: Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Oldowan sites like FLK Zinj have stone tools and animal bones in silts and clays—geology shows that water
action did not form the sites

Original investigators of Oldowan sites viewed them as being similar to hunter-gatherer camps or “home
bases”

Fundamental Features of Contemporary Foraging Societies
• Hunting and Meat-eating
• Tool Use
• Sexual Division of Labor
• Extensive Food Sharing
• Home Bases

Taphonomy: Everything that happens to a bone from death to discovery

Carnivore consumption and hominid butchery of carcasses damage bones in different ways
This allows archeologists to interpret the processes forming fossil and archeological sites

Experimental Archeology: carry out experiments to help interpret past behavior

Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging of Bone Surface Damage
Stone tool cutmarks with internal striations
U-shaped carnivore tooth score




Oldowan Sites not Home Bases
1

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