Test Bank For Microbiology: The Human Experience
2nd Edition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan
L Slonczewski
Cell - ANSWER the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for
life
cell membrane - ANSWER the protective layer that covers the cell's surface and
acts as a barrier
cytoplasm - ANSWER the fluid inside the cell
organelles - ANSWER structures that perform specific functions within the cell
DNA - ANSWER deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material that carries information
needed to make new cells and new organisms
Nucleus - ANSWER a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA
Prokaryotes - ANSWER single-celled organisms that do not have a nuicleus or
membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes - ANSWER an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed
by a membrane
Multicellular - ANSWER means "many cells"
cell wall - ANSWER a rigid structure that gives support to a cell and is the
outermost structure of a cell
ribosomes - ANSWER cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of
protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER a system of folded membranes in which
proteins, lipids, and other materials are made
mitochondria - ANSWER the organelle in which sugar is broken down to produce
energy
ATP - ANSWER adenosine triphosphate
Chloroplasts - ANSWER organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosythesis
takes place
Photosynthesis - ANSWER the process by which plants and algae use sunlight,
carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen
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