BIOS255 Ch 23 The respiratory system
Define Respiration
Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells
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The combination of 3 processes is required for respiration to occur
Ventilation (breathing)
External (pulmonary) respiration
Internal (tissue) respiration
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How does the cardiovascular system assist the respiratory system?
By transporting gases
Structures of the Respiratory System
Structurally, the components of the respiratory system are divided into 2 parts:
1. Upper respiratory system
2. Lower respiratory system
, Functions of the Respiratory System
Functionally, the components of the respiratory system are divided into 2 zones:
1. Conducting zone
2. Respiratory zone
Upper Respiratory System consists of:
The nose, pharynx (throat), and associated parts
Lower Respiratory System consists of:
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is found throughout the respiratory tract in order to keep the moist airway open
Equation for measuring the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each minute
(Minute Ventilation)
The product of tidal volume and breathing rate indicates the amount of air that moves into and
out of the lungs each minute (minute ventilation, MV = TV × BR). Minute ventilation increases
when the body is using more oxygen and producing more carbon dioxide, as occurs in
exercising.
The interior structures of the external nose have three functions:
(1) warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air (2) detecting olfactory stimuli
(3) modifying speech vibrations as they pass through the large, hollow resonating chambers.
Resonance refers to prolonging, amplifying, or modifying a sound by vibration.
The respiratory Membrane
The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air spaces in the lungs and the blood takes place by
diffusion across the alveolar and capillary walls, which together form the respiratory membrane.
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