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Pharmacology Exam 1 Blueprint with Drugs
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Pharmacology Exam 1 Blueprint with Drugs Pharmacology Exam 1 Blueprint with Drugs Pharmacology Exam 1 Blueprint with Drugs
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Pharmacology Exam 1 Blueprint withDrugs
Pharmacology - The broadest term for the study or science of drugs.
Chemical Names of Drugs - Naming of drugs that describes the drug's chemical composition and
molecular structure.
Generic Names of Drugs - Naming of drugs that is often much shorter and simpler than the chemical
name. Used in most official drug compendiums to list drugs. Also called, the non-proprietary name.
Trade Names of Drugs - Naming of drugs that is the drug's registered trademark, and indicates that
its commercial use is restricted to the owner (usually the manufacturer of the drug) of the patent for
the drug. Also called, the proprietary name.
Absorption - In pharmacokinetics this is the movement of a drug from its site of administration into
the boodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - This is the term used to express the extent of drug absorption.
Pharmacokinetics - The study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until
the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body.
Its combined processes include drug absorption into, distribution and metabolism within, and
excretion from the body.
Liver, systemic circulation - A drug that is absorbed from the intestine must first pass through the
________ before it reaches the ______ _______.
First-Pass Effect - If a large proportion of a drug is chemically changed into inactive metabolites in
the liver, then a much smaller amount of drug will pass into the circulation (i.e., will be bioavailable).
Such a drug is said to have a high ______-_______ _________.
Bioequivalent - This is when two drug products have the same bioavailability and same
concentration of active ingredient.
,Example: A brand-name drug and the same generic drug
Enteral route of administration - In this drug route of administration, the drug is absorbed into the
systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach and/or small or large intestine. Orally
administered drugs are absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the blood system and transported
to the liver. Once the drug is in the liver, hepatic enzyme systems metabolize it, and the remaining
active ingredients are passed into the general circulation.
Sublingual route of administration - oral administration in which a drug is placed under the tongue
and is rapidly absorbed because the area under the tongue has a large blood supply. These drugs
bypass the liver and yet are systemically bioavailable.
Buccal route of administration - Drug route of administration that is through the oral mucosa
between the cheek and the gum. These drugs are absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream and
delivered to their site of action.
Parenteral route of administration - This is the fastest route by which a drug can be absorbed,
followed by the enteral and topical routes. It is a general term meaning any route of administration
other than the GI tract. It most commonly refers to injection.
Intravenous Injection (IV) - Route of drug administration that delivers the drug directly into the
circulation, where it is distributed with the blood throughout the body. Provides rapid onset. Allows
more direct control of drug level in blood. Gives option of larger fluid volume, therefore diluting
irritating drugs. Avoids first-pass metabolism.
intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection - Drugs given by _____ _____ and _____ _____ are
absorbed more slowly than those given intravenously. These drug formulations are usually absorbed
over a period of several hours; however, some are specially formulated to be released over days,
weeks, or months.
Oral route of administration - 1. Safest, least expensive and most convenient
2. Absorption in Small intestines
3. Less predictable blood level
4. Inactivation by acid, enzymes or first pass effect (by the liver)
5. (PO)
, Subcutaneous route of administration - Injections into the fatty subcutaneous tissues under the
dermal layer of skin.
Intradermal route of administration - Injections into the more superficial skin layers immediately
underneath the epidermal layer of skin and into the dermal layer.
Intramuscular route of administration - Injections given into the muscle beneath the subcutaneous
fatty tissue. Most drugs administered this way are absorbed over several hours.
intramuscularly, subcutaneously - Muscles have a greater blood supply than does the skin; therefore
drugs injected _________ are absorbed faster than drugs injected ____________.
Depot Drugs - Specially formulated long-acting intramuscular dosage forms, that have been designed
for slow absorption over a period of several days to a few months or longer.
Topical route of administration - Drug administration route that involves application of medications
to various body surfaces.
Can be administered/applied to the skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, or vagina.
Delivers a uniform amount of drug over a longer period, but the effects of the drug are usually
slower in their onset and more prolonged in their duration of action as compared with oral or
parenteral administration.
Ointments, gels, and creams are common types of topically administered drugs.
Rectal route of administration - Drug administration route that provides relatively rapid absorption;
good alternative when oral route is not feasible; useful for local or systemic drug delivery; usually
leads to mixed first-pass and non-first-pass metabolism.
Inhalation route of administration - Drug administration route that provides rapid absorption; drug is
delivered directly to lung tissues where most of theses drugs exert their actions.
Rate of absorption can be too rapid, increasing the risk for exaggerated drug effects; requires more
patient education for self-administration; some patients may have difficulty with administration
technique.
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