NUR 445 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 445
Institution
NUR 445
Infective Endocarditis -From strep bug and rheumatic fever
Effects: -Impairs pumping function, muscle tissue, pericardium and valves due to scar tissue
Valvular heart disease -valvular stenosis: narrowing and hardening of valves and blood cant get through (door is hard to open) -valvular insuffic...
NUR 445 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
Infective Endocarditis ✅-From strep bug and rheumatic fever
Effects:
-Impairs pumping function, muscle tissue, pericardium and valves due to scar tissue
Valvular heart disease ✅-valvular stenosis: narrowing and hardening of valves and
blood cant get through (door is hard to open)
-valvular insufficiency/regurgitation: valves dont close and blood flows back (door has
trouble closing)
Mitral Stenosis ✅Caused by rheumatic carditis
Valve is thickened by fibrosis and calcification
Sx:
-DOE, fatigue, orthopnea, NVD
PE
-diastolic murmur
-"lub swish"
Mitral Regurgitation (insufficiency) ✅Caused by RHD
LA and LV dilate and hypertrophy
-papillary muscle dysfunction causes this too
Sx:
-May be symptom free for years
-common complains are anxiety, CP and palpitations
-fatigue and weakness followed by DOE and orthopnea
PE:
-holosystolic (prolonged) murmur
Mitral valve prolapse ✅Valve leaflets enlarge and prolapse (slip forward or down) into
the LA during systole (regurgitation)
Sx:
-benign and asymptomatic
Etiology:
-familial occurence
-associated with Marfan's syndrome
, -young to middle aged women
Aortic stenosis ✅Increased resistance to to ejection during systole-->LV failure-->RV
failure
Common in elderly
Sx:
-dyspnea, angina and syncope
PE:
-systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur
Aortic Regurgitation ✅-Caused by non RHD: endocarditis, congenital, HTN, Marfan's
syndrome
-Creates dilation of LV
Sx:
-asymptomatic for years before Sx of LV failure occur
-DOE, orthopnea and PND
PE:
-Diastolic murmur
Management of Valvular Heart disease ✅-Not treated if asymptomatic, teach about
what to report
-Anticipate treating HF
-Valve repair or replacement
Medications: BBs, CCBs, digoxin to improve ventricular filling times
Nursing: focus on activity tolerance, monitor for SE of treatments, education
Structural abnormalities--> ✅increased risk for infection (infective endocarditis)
*a need for prophylactic antibiotics*
Nursing care with post-op cardiac surgery patients ✅-Maintain hemodynamic stability
-assist recovery from anesthesia
-pain management
-wound care
-progressive activity
-nutrition
-education about meds and activity
-psychosocial support
Cardiogenic Shock ✅AKA heart failure
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