Double-displacement reaction - answer-is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.
Precipitate - answer-is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution. The emergence of the insoluble solid from solution is call...
AC-HPAT – CHEMISTRY EXAM
Double-displacement reaction - answer-is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two
ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.
Precipitate - answer-is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution. The emergence of the
insoluble solid from solution is called precipitation. Often the precipitate emerges as a suspension.
(precipitates can form when two soluble salts react in solution to form one or more insoluble products)
Energy levels - answer-(also called electron shells) are fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom
where electrons may be found. As you go farther from the nucleus, electrons at higher energy levels
have more energy. Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called valence electrons
Marquis test - answer-is commonly used for ecstasy testing as mdma turns the precipitate purple
black. Cobalt thiocyanate is used to test for cocaine. The cobalt is mixed with the questionable
substance, then drowned in hydrochloric acid, doused in chloroform, and shaken.
What is the relation between an atomic number and a mass number? - answer-atomic number is
actually the number of protons in an atom while mass number is the number of nucleons i. E, number
of protons plus the number of neutrons.
Isotopes - answer-are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons.
Chemical synthesis - answer-the construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler ones. It
is the process by which many substances important to daily life are obtained
Decomposition - answer-is a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into
two or more elements or new compounds. These reactions often involve an energy source such as
heat, light, or electricity that breaks apart the bonds of compounds
Single-displacement reaction - answer-is a type of chemical reaction where an element reacts with a
compound and takes the place of another element in that compound
Flame test - answer-analytical procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain
elements, primarily metal ions, based on each element's characteristic emission spectrum. The color
of flames in general also depends on temperature
Precipitation reaction - answer-in an aqueous solution, precipitation is the process of transforming a
dissolved substance into an insoluble solid from a super-saturated solution. The solid formed is called
the precipitate
Organic compounds - answer-is a substance that is added to a product, like food, to improve some
qualities such as taste, smell, colour and texture. These substances can be both positive and
negative for human health.
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, Synthetic materials - answer-which are by-products of petroleum are non-biodegradable, synthetic
products take a long time to decompose, creating long-term pollution. Nylon is hard to recycle,
making them hard to decompose, accumulate landfills more. Polyesters are easy to recycle, which
makes them less harmful to the society.
Electronegativity - answer-measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
The pauling scale is the most commonly used.
Covalent bonds - answer-consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between
two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei. A covalent bond
forms when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron
transfer to occur to form ions.
Functional group - answer-defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner, which
gives the chemical properties of the organic compound and are the centers for chemical reactivity
Unique characteristics of the carbon atom in terms of covalent bonding - answer-because each
carbon is identical, they all have four valence electrons, so they can easily bond with other carbon
atoms to form long chains or rings. In fact, a carbon atom can bond with another carbon atom two or
three times to make double and triple covalent bonds between two carbon atoms.
Alkenes - answer-are a class of hydrocarbons (e.g, containing only carbon and hydrogen)
unsaturated compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
**they are more reactive because of the double-bond
Alkane - answer-hydrocarbons in which the carbon atoms are held together by single bonds. (all
carbon-carbon bond is single)
Alkyne - answer-s a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon atoms.
Alcohol - answer-is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−oh)
bound to a saturated carbon atom. ... An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol
are the simplest members
Aldehyde - answer-any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon atom shares a double
bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and a single bond with another atom
or group of atoms
Ketone - answer-are acids that your body makes when it breaks down fat for energy
Ester - answer-a molecule or functional group derived by condensation of an alcohol and an acid with
simultaneous loss of water.
Amines - answer-amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom
with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms
have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group
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