1. What equipment is used for Auscultation?: Stethoscope
2. What is sleep deprivation?: decrease in the amount, consistency, or quality of
sleep
3. How do you do a breast exam?: 1) Inspection- should be symmetric, nipples
should not be inverted/dimpled or creased, skin should be smooth not peel d'
orange present.
2) Palpate- one side at a time, be sure to include the tail of spence, use the circular,
wedged or vertical strip methods, then palpate the nipple last
-If you find a lump, document location in terms of a clock, document characteristics:
Size: in cm
Shape: round, discoid, regular, irregular
Consistency: Soft, firm, or hard
Mobility
Degree of tenderness
Location
4. When should a female examine her breasts for early detection of breast
cancer?: Once a month, 7 days after her period
5. What are lymph nodes?: Filter interstitial fluid. Swollen glands mean you are
fighting an infection.
6. What is strep pharyngitis?: infection of the pharynx, aka strep throat
7. What is pupil accommodation?: the coordinated changes that occur when the
eye adapts itself to near vision; constriction of the pupil, convergence of the eyes,
and increased convexity of the lens.
8. What is a tuning fork used for?: to assess auditory function and sensation of
vibration.
9. What does a chronic ear infection look like?: Ear Perforation, hole in the
tympanic membrane
10. How do you assess EOM?: Cardinal positions of gaze, Ask pt to fallow pen
light without moving their head. Move the penlight to the six cardinal positions
returning to the mid point after each movement. This tests CN 3,4,6 and EOM
11. What is the apical impulse?: pulse felt at point of maximal impulse
12. cyanosis: a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or
inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
13. Where do you hear the tricuspid valve?: 4th intercostal space near the
sternum on the pts left side (your right side)
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, 14. Where do you percuss the heart?: @ the anterior axillary line and continue
toward the sternum along the 5th intercostal space. the sound changes from
resonance to dullness over the left border of the heart, normally at the
midclavicular line. The right border of the heart is usually aligned with the
sternum and can't be percussed.
15. How do you assess JVD?: -Place pt in supine positon
-Elevate head 45degrees
-Turn head to one side
-Look for pulsations
-If greater than 3cm distention, positive jugular vein distention
16. How do you assess grade 4 systolic murmur?: It would be during the first
heart sound, then determine quality: blowing, musical harsh or rumbling. Then
the pitch High, Low? Then location, where is the sound the loudest? grade on a
6 level grading scale.
17. What is the S1 sound?: "lub" and AV valves closing. tricuspid and mitral valves.
18. What is the S2 sound?: "Dub", closure of semilunar valves, aortic and
pulmonic.
19. What is the Allen test?: Occlude both radial and ulnar arteries, release ulnar
artery only and view hand for blanching. Tests for arterial insufficiency to the
hands.
20. What is the point of maximal impulse?: Where both heart sounds match up
21. What is syncope?: Fainting; passing out
22. Where would someone experience referred pain in Acute Coronary
Syndrome?: The Jaw and Teeth
23. How do you assess the legs for edema?: Press finger against swollen area
for 5 seconds and remove
24. What is pitting edema?: excess amount of fluid in absence of additional colloid
(particles) AKA "edema that you can make an imprint with your finger in"
**gravity dependent (seen in legs) to determine severity estimate the indentation in
cm, 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
25. What is nonpitting edema?: skin feels unusually tight or firm, pressure leaves
no indentation b/c fluid has coagulated in the tissues
26. What is considered a low BMI?: anything below 19 is considered low BMI
27. How do you assess mobility? (Muscles): Functional assessment for ADLs
28. How do you calculate pack year?: # of packs a day x # of years smoking=
Pack Year
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