Exam (elaborations)
Week 5 knowledge check. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders Questions and Answers 2024
- Course
- Institution
Week 5 knowledge check. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
[Show more]
Content preview
Week 5 knowledge check.Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
Disorders
hepatitis markers – answer IgG: G=gone (infection is gone)
IgM: M=antibody made Minute infected (acute infection)
HBsAg: hep B surface antigen = infection
Anti-HBs: hep B surface antibody = immunity
after HP shots - answer
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - answer-backflow of contents of the stomach
into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal
sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
-risk: obesity, hiatal hernia, drugs/chemicals that relax the LES (Anticholinergics,
nitrates, calcium channel blockers, nicotine), delayed gastric emptying (Gastroparesis,
ulcers)
-s/sx: pain after 1 hr fo eating, worse pain if lies down or ABD pressure increase r/t
coughing, vomiting, straining
-dx: esophageal endoscopy, tissue biopsy to assess dysplastic changes
-tx: PPIs, weight loss, smoking cessation, elevate head, no tight clothing
pancreatitis - answer-between ages 50-60, more in blacks
-risk: Obstructive binary tract disease, alcoholism, peptic ulcers, hyperlipidemia,
smoking and genetics
-acute and chronic
Acute live failure - answer-very rare, from severe impairment of liver cells without
preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis
-Acetaminophen is leading cause
-death of hepatocytes may be viral or toxic injury
-will develop 6-8 weeks after viral hepatitis or 5 days to 8 weeks after acetaminophen
OD
-elevated conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin
chronic liver failure - answer
, gall bladder disease - answer-includes inflammation, infection, stones, or obstruction of
the gallbladder
-UQ abd pain
-Cholelithiasis=gallstone
-Cholecystitis=inflammation of the gallbladder
diverticulitis - answer-inflammation of the diverticula
-predisposing factors: older age, genetics, obesity, smoking, ASA/NSAIDs
-can occur anywhere in the GI tract
-s/sx: pain in lower ABD, diarrhea
tx: ultrasound, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, increase fiber intake to increase stool
weight to lower colonic pressures
jaundice - answer-yellow pigmentation of the skin caused by hyperbilirubemia (>2.5-3)
-cause: obstruction to bile flow (gallstones), intrahepatic obstruction (Cirrhosis),
excessive hemolysis of RBCs
bilirubin - answerorange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin
when red blood cells are destroyed
upper GI bleed - answer-in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum
-frank, bright red blood
-causes: Bleeding esophageal or gastric varies, a Mallory-Weiss tear at the esophageal-
gastric junction on , NSAIDs, ASA,
lower GI bleed - answer-bleeding from the jejunum or ileum of the small intestine, colon,
rectum
-causes: polyps, IBD, diverticular disease
hectic encephalopathy - answer-neurologic syndrome, impaired behavioral, cognitive
and motor function
-3 types: Type A (rapidly during acute fulminant hepatitis), Type B (after portosystemic
bypass or shunting w/out liver dx) and type C (slowly with cirrhosis)
-combo of biochemical and neurotransmission alterations, Free neurotoxins going to
brian
-most hazard is Ammonia which is the end products of intestinal protein digestion
-s/sx: memory loss, irritability, lethargy
dx: test ammonia levels
tx: correct F/E levels
intra-abdominal infections - answer
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller julianah420. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now