NUR 2063: Pathophysiology Exam 2;
Updated Guide
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire
stomach or a region)
(Ans- Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe
ulceration with hemorrhage
(Ans- Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by
nausea and epigastric pain
(Ans- Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually.
(Ans- Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive
(Ans- Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and
hematemesis.
(Ans- Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull
epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake.
(Ans- Chronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection
or allergic reaction
(Ans- Gastroenteritis
,Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as Crohn’s disease
(Ans- Chronic Gastroenteritis
Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or
undercooked chicken or eggs
(Ans- Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and
vomiting
(Ans- Gastroenteritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis
(Ans- Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that
cause inflammation. Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking
and stress) may increase the susceptibility
(Ans- Helicobacter pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water
contamination, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other
chronic disease
(Ans- Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
(Ans- Chronic Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain,
abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise.
Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and bleeding.
(Ans- Gastritis
, Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile
can also back up into the esophagus.
(Ans- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa
(Ans- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages,
citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol
consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain
medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers,
and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying
(Ans- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when
recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of
food, and sensation of a lump in the throat.
(Ans- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer,
and chronic pulmonary disease
(Ans- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease
(Ans- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum
(Ans- Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use (NSAIDs), H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those
for GERD.
(Ans- Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
