9/9/24, 5:06 PM
NP235 Exam 2 Review
Jeremiah
Practice questions for this set
Terms in this set (53)
Physical stress from the flu or other infection, or from surgery, can send a patient with
What is Adrenal Crisis? Addison disease into Addisonian crisis. Another situation that can cause symptoms of
acute lack of cortisol results from prescribed treatment.
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The patient experiences generalized malaise and muscle weakness, muscle pain,
orthostatic hypotension, and vulnerability to cardiac dysrhythmias. Insufficiency of the
glucocorticoids affects blood glucose levels and causes symptoms of hypoglycemia.
What are s/s of adrenal crisis? There is also decreased secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, which results in anorexia,
nausea and vomiting, flatulence, and diarrhea. These symptoms, as well as anxiety,
depression, and loss of mental acuity, have been correlated with the absence of the
peaks of cortisol output that normally occur every 24 hours.
Damaged tissue liberates tissue thromboplastin, creating a state of excessive clotting in
What is DIC? the microcirculation throughout the body. When excessive clotting depletes the body's
clotting factors, hemorrhage follows, leading to hypotension or shock.
Continued bleeding from an injection or IV site, extensive bruising in areas of injury,
ecchymoses where there has been no trauma, and petechiae.
There may be oral, vaginal, or rectal bleeding. Laboratory studies will reveal a
What are s/s of DIC decreased hemoglobin and low platelet count.
The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times will be increased.
The fibrinogen level is reduced, and the fibrin degradation products level is increased.
The D-dimer result is elevated.
What are s/s of hypoglycemia? Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous, Nausea, Cool and clammy skin, shaking
The pancreas is both an endocrine (secretes into the bloodstream) and exocrine
where is insulin manufactured in the body (secretes through a duct to the target tissues) gland. Its endocrine function is to
produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.
formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)—makes up 90% to
95% of all known cases of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resistance, in which insulin interaction
What is diabetes mellitus type 2 with glucose becomes less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnormal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain cellular metabolism. Type 2
diabetes has a tendency to develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with type
2 rarely develop diabetic ketoacidosis.
obesity
asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
What are some risk factors for DM type 2?
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship to aging and a reduction in the
function of the pancreatic beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and lower extremities with an
Raynaud's disease
exaggerated response to cold and stress, resulting in bilateral vasospasm.
protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
The patient should be taught to:
Dress warmly when in cold environments.
what education would you provide to your
Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves, and warm socks should be
patient to prevent complications of
worn.
Raynauds disease
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and when handling extremely cold
items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress, and to stop tobacco use.
Caffeine intake should be limited.
If appropriate, the patient should be referred to a smoking cessation program.
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