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BIOS 251 Final Exam: Questions & Verified Answers
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BIOS 251 Final Exam: Questions & Verified Answers
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BIOS 251 Final Exam: Questions & Verified AnswersComponents of the homeostatic control loop Right Ans - receptor, control
center, effector
Negative feedback Right Ans - -works to oppose change
-brings condition back to a set point
Positive feedback Right Ans - -works to enhance change
-brings condition further away from a set point
Tonicity Right Ans - relates to how the solution influences the shape of
body cells
Hypotonic solution Right Ans - RBC undergoes hemolysis (swelling)
Hypertonic solution Right Ans - RBC undergoes crenation (shrinking)
Osmosis Right Ans - -concentration of solutes per liter
-water moves from high concentration of water to low concentration of water
Factors that influence diffusion across a cell membrane Right Ans - -
steepness of concentration gradient
-temperature
-mass of diffusing substance
-surface area
-diffusion distance
Passive processes that move substances across the cell membrane Right
Ans - -Simple diffusion
-Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis processes that move substances across the cell membrane Right
Ans - -Active processes
-Active transport
-Vesicular transport
, Primary active transport Right Ans - energy derived from ATP changes the
shape of a transporter protein which pumps a substance across a plasma
membrane against its concentration gradient
Secondary active transport Right Ans - -energy stored (in a hydrogen or
sodium concentration gradient) is used to drive other substances against their
own concentration gradients
-substance is being transported "against its will"
Types of active transport in vesicles Right Ans - -endocytosis
-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis
-exocytosis
-transocytosis
Endocytosis Right Ans - cell takes up specific ligands that bind to cell
surface receptors into a vesicle
Phagocytosis Right Ans - -cell engulfs large particles such as old cell parts,
viruses, bacteria
-used by many immune system cells
Pinocytosis Right Ans - -cells take up small droplets of ECF
-no receptors involved
-"cell drinking"
Exocytosis Right Ans - -membrane-enclosed secretory vesicles fuse w/the
plasma membrane and release their contents into the ECF
-used to secretions such as sweat, oil
Transocytosis Right Ans - -a combination of endocytosis and exocytosis
used to move substances from one side of a cell, across it, and out the other
side
-example: capillary moves hormones to other side of vessel to be released into
blood via exocytosis
Merocrine secretion Right Ans - cells excrete their substances by
exocytosis
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