NUR257/ NUR 257 Exam 3 | Aging and
Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam |Latest
2024/2025 Guide | Galen
Age related cardiovascular system: Aorta and other large arteries- thicken
and become stiffer-increase of systolic BP Nursing interventions, and
rationales
- Correct Answer - increase of systolic BP, systemic vascular
resistance increases
o Nursing Interventions:
▪ Assess BP; expect increase
▪ Assess for activity intolerance
▪ Assess peripheral pulses
o Rationales:
▪ Hypertension must be treated before organ
damage occurs
Age related cardiovascular system: Baroreceptors
- Correct Answer - Baroreceptors - become less sensitive
o Nursing Interventions:
▪ Assess for orthostatic hypotension
,o Rationales:
▪ Dizziness, fainting leads to falls, stroke, etc.
Cardiovascular assessment includes;
- Correct Answer - Patient History
• Smoking
• Nutritional history
• Family history and genetic risk
• Current health problems
o Pain, discomfort, dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion,
orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue,
palpitations, edema, syncope or brief loss of
consciousness, extremity pain
• Weight
-skin look for cyanosis, rubor
-extremities-clubbing and edema
-blood pressure-hypotension or hypertension.
Best indicator of fluid balance/retention is
- Correct Answer - weight
,Action Alert If patient has chest pain do what
- Correct Answer - - Thoroughly evaluate the nature and
characteristics of the chest pain.
o Because pain resulting from myocardial ischemia is
life threatening and can lead to serious complications,
its cause should be considered ischemic (reduced or
obstructed blood flow to the myocardium) until
proven otherwise.
o When assessing for symptoms, ask the patient if they
have discomfort, heaviness, pressure, and indigestion.
- Correct Answer - S1 and S2 and listen for murmurs.
, Lab tests Heart
- Correct Answer - Creatinine kinase- enzyme specific to cells of the brain,
heart and skeletal muscles. Troponin t and I. (not found in healthy patients,
so any rise in valves indicated cardiac necrosis or acute mi)
Diagnostic tests for heart
- Correct Answer - • Chest X-Ray - determine the size and position of the
heart
• Angiography/Arteriography - invasive diagnostic
procedure performed when an arterial obstruction is
suspected
• Cardiac catheterization - most definitive and invasive to
diagnose heart disease
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Stress Test
• Echocardiography
Heart Failure
- Correct Answer - also called pump failure; inability of the heart
to work effectively as a pump.
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