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Chronic final Questions With Complete Solutions
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Chronic final Questions With Complete Solutions
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Chronic final Questions With Complete SolutionsAIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Correct
Answers Immune system disease caused by the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years
weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection
so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such
as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise
AIDS: Complications Correct Answers - Opportunistic
infections
- Wasting syndrome
- Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
- Seizures
AIDS: Diagnosis & CD4 T-cell levels Correct Answers -
CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 200 cells/mm3 or more and a
CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage of total
lymphocytes of more than 14%
- Defining conditions:
Candidiasis of esophagus, bronchi, lungs, herpes simplex, HIV-
encephalopathy, Kaposi's
Sarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
pneumocystis pneumonia,
recurrent pneumonia, recurrent salmonella septicemia, wasting
syndrome
,AIDS: Opportunistic infections Correct Answers - Kaposi's
sarcoma, pneumocystis pneumonia, fungal infections (Candida)
- Bacterial diseases (tuberculosis), HIV-associated malignancies,
viral diseases, fungal diseases,
protozoal diseases
AIDS: Transmission Correct Answers - Sexual contact, blood,
semen, vaginal secretion, mucous membrane, perinatal
transmission
Assessment & nursing care of: Arteriovenous Fistula Correct
Answers - AVF (preferred access) - 2 -3 months to mature/
"arterialized"
- No B/P, IV insertion, or blood work.
- Assess patency - bruit (rushing sound) and thrill (buzzing
sensation).
Assessment & nursing care of: Arteriovenous Graft Correct
Answers - AVG - synthetic graft. 2-4 weeks to heal.
- No B/P, IV insertion, or blood work.
- Assess patency - bruit (rushing sound) and thrill (buzzing
sensation)
Asthma acute treatment Correct Answers - Inhaled β2-
adrenergic agonists, Inhaled anticholinergics, Supplemental
oxygen,
,IV or oral corticosteroid
Asthma Assessment Correct Answers -Wheezing lung sounds
-cough
-SOB, chest tightness
- health history (especially of precipitating factors and
medications), ABG, lung function test, physical
examination
Asthma patient education Correct Answers - Seek medical
attention for bronchospasm or when severe side effects occur
-Carry a short acting bronchodilator (SABA)
-Prompt diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract
infections and sinusitis
-Inhalation of drugs is preferable to avoid systemic side effects
-MDIs, DPIs, and nebulizers are devices used to inhale
medications
Asthma triggers Correct Answers - allergens, air pollution,
excised-induced asthma, exposure to diverse agents, respiratory
infections,
allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps, B-Adrenergic blockers,
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, psychological
factors
, Asthma: diagnosis Correct Answers - detailed history and
physical examination, spirometry, peak expiratory flow rate
(PEFR), chest X-ray,
Oximetry, allergy testing, blood levels of eosinophils, validated
questionnaire.
Asthma: Pathophysiology Correct Answers - Primary response
is chronic inflammation from exposure to allergens or irritants
- chronic inflammation leading to airway
- bronchoconstriction, hyperresponsiveness, and edema of
airways
Asthma: Signs and symptoms Correct Answers -
bronchospasm, edema, and mucus in bronchioles narrow the
airways leading to coughing, wheezing,
SOB, chest tightness
Back Pain Assessment Correct Answers - pain > 4 weeks,
radiates to buttock and leg, pain increased with walking and
prolonged standing, numbness, tingling, weakness, heaviness in
legs and butt, pain decreases when bending forward or sitting
down, dull or sharp pain in lower back
Back Pain Diagnosis Correct Answers - x-rays, magnetic
resonance imaging, CT scans, nuclear bone scans, CT
myelogram, EMG and nerve conduction, arthrogram
Back pain meds Correct Answers - NSAIDS, antidepressants
(duloxetine), antiseizure (gabapentin)
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