Social Psy (PSY 3304) Exam 1 TTU Core,
Tammy
Replicable - answerwhen others can repeat it and get the same results
falsifiable - answermust be stated in a way that makes it possible to reject it (can it be
disproved?)
precise - answeroperational definitions to define the variable ( happiness= ...
Replicable - answer✔✔when others can repeat it and get the same results
falsifiable - answer✔✔must be stated in a way that makes it possible to reject it (can it be
disproved?)
precise - answer✔✔operational definitions to define the variable ( happiness= smiles per hour)
parsimonious - answer✔✔apply the simplest explanation possible to any set of observations
Basic research - answer✔✔research for the sake of gaining knowledge (why are people
prejudiced?)
applied research - answer✔✔research for the sake of addressing real world problems (how can
we decrease prejudice?)
True or false: Basic research leads to applied research - answer✔✔true
Correlational design - answer✔✔MEASURE (record) two (or +) variables to see if they co-
occur/move together. If you know x, you can predict y.
positive correlation - answer✔✔x increases, y increases
negative correlation - answer✔✔x increases, y decreases
strong correlation - answer✔✔(correlational design-
magnitude) easier to predict y from x (Sat score and math class grade)
perfect correlation - answer✔✔(correlational design- magnitude) x and y are the same ( SAT and
ACT score)r=1
weak correlation - answer✔✔(correlational design- magnitude) x predicts y but not strongly.
harder to predict y from x (SAT scores and college art class grade) r closer to 0
No correlation - answer✔✔(correlational design- magnitude) x and y do not "move" together;
knowing x does not help you predict y (SAT scores and what car you drive) r=0
Correlations - answer✔✔DOESN'T tell us why x causes y. Only tells us that two variables move
together. Good starting point for figuring out problems.
Experimental design (Experimental) - answer✔✔one or more manipulated variables and one or
more measured variables. Allows us to conclude whether x causes y.
Internal Validity - answer✔✔within the study, was the independent variable and independent
variable alone responsible for the effect on our Dependent Variable?
Threats to internal validity - answer✔✔Counfound variables: 3rd variables that can account for
our results. When something happens in one group but not the other (other than the difference in
Independent variable)
Sources of confounds - answer✔✔1. Not using random assignment 2. Differential treatment of
participants 3. Participant expectations 4. experimenter expectations
placebo effect - answer✔✔participant's expectations about the study that can influence their
behavior
demand characteristics - answer✔✔the experimenters' expediencies regarding the performance
of the participants on a particular task create an implicit demand for the participants to preform
as expected (something about the procedure of the study gives clues about the hypothesis)
experimenter effect - answer✔✔the experimenter's expectations about the study that can
influence participant's behavior
construct validity - answer✔✔are we measuring what we think we are measuring
external validity - answer✔✔do our finding replicate in the "real world" does x -->y across
situations and people
Social cognition - answer✔✔how individuals construe the social world and the processes that
underlie social judgment and behavior (influenced by perceptions and interpretations, not
objective reality
schemas - answer✔✔mental framework or script used to understand and interpret the world;
expectations about objects, ideas, people and situations
dual process theory - answer✔✔an account of how a phenomenon can occur in two different
ways or as a result of two different processes
1st dual process theory(automatic/implicit/system 1) - answer✔✔non-conscious, intuitive,
affective, heuristic, associative, effortless, fast
2nd dual process theory (controlled/explicit/system 2) - answer✔✔conscious, deliberative,
analytical, effortful, requires motivation, slow
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