Prepare for the IEB Grade 12 Life Orientation CAT B Exam with Confidence!
15 pages of gold! This comprehensive study guide has been specifically crafted for the IEB Grade 12 Life Orientation CAT B exam, saving you hours of studying by summarising key concepts from the 40-page educator’s manual...
Ethics Of AI
• AI systems trained on biased data can perpetuate societal
inequalities, leading to bias and discrimination.
➢ Examples: hiring algorithms having job discrimination on
gender, race, sexuality or ethnicity, due to training, during
recruitment.
• Privacy concerns exist as AI may collect data without consent,
which could result in privacy violations.
➢ Examples: individuals can be tracked by governments.
• AI systems which malfunction or make errors could cause
unintended harm.
➢ Examples: incorrect medical diagnoses
• Diverse, inclusive data must be used in AI training. Systems should
be tested regularly for biases. Humans should also be involved in
decision making to avoid bias and harm.
Nanotechnology
• Nanoparticles could be toxic, having the potential to poison us over
time when used in everyday products.
• Nanotechnology could enhance human abilities (night vision, rapid
healing, etc.).
However, there are questions surrounding the possibilities:
➢ At what point are nanotechnology-equipped humans no
longer human?
➢ Will such technologies only be available to the wealthy,
causing further disparity and inequality if there is a race of
modified humans and non-modified humans?
➢ Can nanotechnology be used to reduce inequality by allowing
people to create what they need without financial resources?
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, LO CAT Part B 2024
Industrial Revolutions
• Industry 4.0/Fourth Industrial Revolution: The integration of
advanced digital technologies (artificial intelligence, internet of
things, 3D printing, nanotechnology, etc.) into manufacturing and
industry, changing how we live and work.
• Industry 5.0/Fifth Industrial Revolution: Balancing human skills
(creativity, empathy) with technological advancements, placing
people at the centre of change.
• One can prepare for a future of rapid technological change by
embracing lifelong learning, adaptability and ethical considerations
(surrounding new technologies).
Possible AI Moral Dilemmas
• Bias and discrimination can streamline the hiring process, medical
diagnoses and law enforcement by making decisions based on large
datasets and not involving human bias. However, biased data can
worsen discrimination.
o Practical applications: medical diagnostics, criminal justice
(prediction and analysing of crime)
• Privacy invasion can be used to enhance security systems by
surveillance and data analysis, improving public safety, but facial
recognition technology can track individuals without their consent,
violating privacy and human rights and these technologies can be
misused by governments (e.g. mass surveillance).
• Autonomous systems can improve efficiency, safety and reduce
human errors. However, they may malfunction or make life-or-death
decisions.
o Practical applications: autonomous vehicles
• AI can free humans from mundane and repetitive tasks, allowing
humans to focus on creative or complex works, but jobs can be lost
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