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TAMU BIOL 319 TEST 2 COHN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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TAMU BIOL 319 TEST 2 COHN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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TAMU BIOL 319 TEST 2 COHNQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
What is a sessamoid bone? - ANSWER A bone that grows with and within a tendon
What type of bone is the patella? - ANSWER Sessamoid
What are the two major functions of ligaments? - ANSWER - Connect bone to bone
- Hold organs together
In the womb, the early skeletal system comes from __________. - ANSWER Embryonic mesenchyme
At what age does the fetal skeleton begin to ossify? - ANSWER 8-12 weeks
Define: Osteoprogenitor cells - ANSWER - Bone stem cells
- Come from periosteum
- Give way to osteoblasts
What type of division do osteoprogenitor cells undergo to become osteoblasts? - ANSWER Mitosis
Define: Periosteum - ANSWER Dense connective tissue covering all living bones
What two major structural functions does the periosteum serve? - ANSWER - Allow attachment point for
tendons
- Provide scaffolding for vasculature
"Bruised bones" is damage to which structure(s)? - ANSWER Periosteum
, Define: Osteoblasts - ANSWER - Come from osteoprogenitor cells
- Secrete collagen and organic matrix to thicken bone
- Give rise to osteocytes
Through what process does an osteoblast become an osteocyte? - ANSWER An osteoblast sinks down
into extracellular matrix where it becomes encased in its own lacuna
Define: Osteocyte - ANSWER - Former osteoblast
- Maintains bone in its immediate vicinity
Where do osteoclasts come from? - ANSWER Bone marrow: when blood cells fuse osteoclasts result
Define: Osteoclast - ANSWER - From bone marrow
- Multinuclated
- Destroy bone by secreting HCl
- Destroys collagen/organic matrix by secreting enzymes
What cell is primarily responsible for releasing Ca^2+ and PO4^3- into the blood? - ANSWER Osteoclast
Where do osteoclasts collect? - ANSWER Periosteum and endosteum
Where is long bone growth most highly concentrated? - ANSWER Epiphyseal plate
What type of cells undergo division to make new cartilage in the epiphyseal plate? - ANSWER
Chondrocytes
Define: Hyperplasia - ANSWER Mitotic growth of tissue
How do chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate undergo apoptosis? - ANSWER Calcification
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