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BIOL 319 FINAL EXAM REVIEW – COHN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 $12.99   Add to cart

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BIOL 319 FINAL EXAM REVIEW – COHN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

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BIOL 319 FINAL EXAM REVIEW – COHN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

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  • September 8, 2024
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BIOL 319 FINAL EXAM REVIEW – COHN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
AnatomyRdefinitionR-RANSWERRisRtheRstudyRofRtheRstructuresRofRtheRbody.RSTRUCTURE



PhysiologyRdefinitionR-RANSWERRisRtheRstudyRofRtheRfunctionRofRtheRbody.RFUNCTION



UnderstandRhowRanatomyRandRphysiologyRareRdifferentRsubjects,RbutRareR"joinedRatRtheRhip".R-
RANSWERRYouRcannotRhaveRanatomyRwithoutRphysiologyRandRviceRversa




GrossRanatomyRdefinitionR-
RANSWERRanatomyRthatRyouRcanRstudyRwithoutRtheRaidRofRaRmicroscope.RYouRcanRphysicallyRholdRtheRstruc

tureRinRyourRhandRandRseeRitRwithRtheRnakedReye.RsubcategoryRorRanatomyRandRitRisRtheRstudyRofRlargeRbod
yRstructures.



HistologyRdefinitionR-
RANSWERRtheRstudyRofRtissuesRandRitRrequiresRtheRuseRofRlightRandRelectronRmicroscopesRinRorderRtoRseeRt

heRtissuesRstructures.



whatRisRusedRtoRsliceRtissuesRinRhistology?R-RANSWERRmicrotome



RegionalRanatomyRdefinitionR-
RANSWERR"theRbodyRisRstudiedRareaRbyRarea".RusedRinRmostRmedicalRprofessions




systemicRanatomyRdefintionR-
RANSWERR"theRbodyRisRstudiedRsystemRbyRsystem".RusedRinRintroductoryRclassesRlikeRthisRone.




WhatRaboutRblendingRtheRregionalR&RsystemicRapproaches?R-
RANSWERRWithinReachRregion,RallRsystemsRareRstudiedRsimultaneously.

,AreRregionalRandRsystemicRapproachesRsubcategoriesRofRgross?R-
RANSWERRyes,RregionalRisRstudyingRtheRbodyRareaRbyRarea.RSystemicRisRstudyingRtheRbodyRsystemRbyRsyste

m.



HowRisRourRcourseRanR"integrative"Rapproach?R-
RANSWERRtakingRthemRandRformingRthemRtogether;RRelatingRstructureRandRfunctionRtogether.RyouRcan'tRst

udyRstructureRwithoutRfunction



chemicalRlevelRofRA&PR-RANSWERRatomsRcombinedRtoRformRmolecules



cellularRlevelRofRA&PR-
RANSWERRthoseRmoleculesRformRorganellesR(suchRasRnucleusR&Rmitochondria)RthatRmakeRupRcellsRinRourRb

ody



tissueRlevelRofRA&PR-
RANSWERRsimilarRcellsR&RsurroundingRmaterialRmakeRupRtissueR(suchRasRsmoothRmuscleRtissue)




organRlevelRofRA&PR-RANSWERRdifferentRtissuesRcombineRtoRformRorgans,RlikeRtheRurinaryRbladder



OrganRdefinitionR-RANSWERRstructureRthat'sRcomposedRofRatRleastR2RtissuesRandRhasRaRspecificRfunction.R

ExR→RurinaryRbladderRhasRepithelialRtissueR(innermost),RconnectiveRtissueR(toRprovideRrigidity),RandRsmoot
hRmuscleRtissue



organRsystemRlevelRofRA&PR-
RANSWERRorgansRthatRserveRtheRsameRendRfunctionR(urinaryRbladder)RmakeRupRorganRsystem.R



Ex-
RUrinaryRsystemRconsistsRofRtheRbladder,Rkidney,Rureter,RurethraRandRtheyRallRhaveRaRspecificRfunctionRtoRhe

lpRexcreteRurine.



organismRlevelRofRA&PR-RANSWERRorganRsystemsRmakeRupRanRorganism



KnowRtheRfourRmajorRcategoriesRofRmacromolecules.RIsRthisRanRoversimplificationR(hint:RmoleculesRinRtheR
extracellularRmatrixRofRbone)?R-RANSWERRCarbohydrates,Rlipids,Rproteins,RnucleicRacids

,CarbohydratesR-
RANSWERR"organicRmoleculesRcomposedRprimarilyRofRcarbon,Rhydrogen,RandRoxygenRatomsRandRrangeRinRs

izeRfromRsmallRtoRveryRlarge."RmostRhaveRaR2:1RratioRofRcarbon:Rhydrogen,RlikeRwater.RtheyRareRpolarRsolven
ts.



carbohydratesRfunctionsR-RANSWERR1.RtheyRareRpartsRofRotherRorganicRmolecules.R

2.RtheyRareRbrokenRdownRtoRprovideRenergy.R

3.RwhenRundigestedRtheyRprovideRbulkRinRfeces



lipidsR-
RANSWERR"majorRgroupRofRorganicRmoleculesRthatRareRdefinedRasRbeingRrelativelyRinsolubleRinRwater"RbutR

dissolvedRinRnonpolarRsubstancesRlikeRalcoholRorRacetone.RalsoR"primarilyRcomposedRofRcarbon,Rhydrogen,
RandRoxygenRbutRhaveRaRlowerRratioRofRoxygenRtoRcarbonRthanRdoRcarbohydrates."




lipidsRfunctionsR-
RANSWERRFunctionsRincludeRprotection,Rinsulation,RregulationRofRsteroidRhormonesRlikeRestrogenRandRtest

osterone,RintakeRofRfat-
solubleRvitamins,RtheRstructureRofRcellRmembranes,RandRlongRtermRstorageRofRenergy.



proteinsR-RANSWERRorganicRmacromoleculesRthatRcontainRcarbon,Rhydrogen,Roxygen,Rand



proteinsRfunctionsR-
RANSWERR1.RregulationR:RenzymesRcontrolRchemicalRreactions.RhormonesRregulateRmanyRphysiologicalRpro

cesses.

2.Rtransport:RhemoglobinRtransportsRoxygenRandRcarbonRdioxideRinRtheRblood.RplasmaRproteinsRtransportR
otherRsubstancesRinRtheRblood.RproteinRinRplasmaRmembranesRcontrolRtheRmovementRofRmaterialsRinRandR
outRofRtheRcell.

3.Rprotection:RantibodiesRprotectRagainstRmicroorganismsRandRotherRforeignRsubstances

4.Rcontraction:RactinRandRmyosinRinRtheRmuscleRareRresponsibleRforRcontraction.R

5.Rstructure:RcollagenRfibersRformRaRstructuralRframeworkRinRmanyRpartsRofRtheRbody.RkeratinRaddsRstrengt
hRtoRtheRskin,Rhair,RandRnails.

6.Renergy:RproteinsRcanRbeRbrokenRdownRforRenergy;RperRunitRofRweightRtheyRaddRasRmuchRenergyRasRcarb
ohydratesRdo

, nucleicRacidR-
RANSWERRaRcomplexRorganicRsubstanceRpresentRinRlivingRcells,RespeciallyRDNARorRRNA,RwhoseRmoleculesRc

onsistRofRmanyRnucleotidesRlinkedRinRaRlongRchain.RcomposedRofRcarbon,Rhydrogen,Roxygen,Rnitrogen,RandR
phosphorus.



nucleicRacidsRfunctionsR-RANSWERRstoreRandRtransmitRgeneticRinformation



WhatRelementsRareRamongRtheRmajorRcategoriesRofRmacromolecules?R-RANSWERRC,O,H,N



WhatRisRtheRprominenceRofRH20RinRtheRbody?R-
RANSWERRWaterRisRtheRmostRabundantRmoleculeRinRtheRbodyRandRwaterRisRaboutR66%RofRyourRbodyRweigh

t.



WhatRisRtheRfunctionRofRH20RinRtheRbody?R-
RANSWERRProtectsRbodyRorgansRandRtissues.RCarriesRnutrientsRandRoxygenRtoRcells.RLubricatesRjoints.RLess

ensRburdenRtheRonRkidneysRandRliverRbyRflushingRoutRwasteRproducts



TissueRdefinitionR-
RANSWERRARtissueRisRaRgroupRofRcells,RinRcloseRproximity,RorganizedRtoRperformRoneRorRmoreRspecificRfuncti

ons.



WhatRareRtheRfourRmajorRcategoriesRofRtissue?R-
RANSWERRTheRfourRmajorRcategoriesRareRepithelial,Rconnective,Rmuscle,RandRnervous




epithelialRtissueRdefinitionR-RANSWERRARbodyRtissueRthatRcoversRtheRsurfacesRofRtheRbody,RinsideRandRout



connectiveRtissueRdefinitionR-
RANSWERRARbodyRtissueRthatRprovidesRsupportRforRtheRbodyRandRconnectsRallRofRitsRparts




muscularRtissueRdefinitionR-RANSWERRContractsRandRmovesRtheRvariousRpartsRofRtheRbody.



nervousRtissueRdefintionR-RANSWERRTissueRthatRsensesRstimuliRandRtransmitsRsignals.

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