Bio 106 WSU Carloye Exam #4 Updated 2024/2025 Verified 100%
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Bio 106 WSU Carloye
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Bio 106 WSU Carloye
How does the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues determine how much O2 will be released to
them? - The more Co2 there is the more O2 will be administered into that tissue
What is "transposition of the great vessels" and how does it affect blood circulation? - a condition
that babies can be...
Bio 106 WSU Carloye Exam #4
How does the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues determine how much O2 will be released to
them? - The more Co2 there is the more O2 will be administered into that tissue
What is "transposition of the great vessels" and how does it affect blood circulation? - a condition
that babies can be born with which causes the arteries leaving the left and right ventricles to be
switched. This affects blood circulation in that there is no cross over, so the oxygenated blood from the
lungs never makes it through the rest of the body
What is the difference between blood and hemolymph? - Blood: In a Closed circulatory system
and is confined to vessels.
Hemolymph (AKA interstitial fluid): In an Open circulatory system and bathes the body cells.
What are the major types of blood cells? - red and white cells
What adaptations allow an animal to use diffusion across its skin as the only mechanism for gas
exchange? - The animal must be thin and have a large surface area. Animals that only diffuse
across the skin have a dense network of capillaries just below the skin that allows for the exchange of
gases. The respiratory surface is a thin, moist epithelium.
What is the relationship between the surface area-to-volume ratio and efficiency of exchange across a
surface? - Surface Area to Volume large ratio allows O2/CO2 gas exchange across whole body
Not all animals use a circulatory system to transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. How do insects
and some spiders accomplish gas exchange? - Insects have a tracheal system which includes
spiracles (let air into the system) which are connected to tracheae that run very close to every tissue cell
and allow for diffusion of gasses.
In a two-chambered heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the atrium? (Give the entire pathway
ending back in the atrium) - ventricle--->Gills ---> Body Capallaries---> Veins---> Atrium
, In a four-chambered heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the right atrium? (Give the entire
pathway ending back in the right atrium) - Right ventricle---> Pulmonary Artery --->Lungs --->
Pulminary Veins---> Left Atrium---> Left Ventricle---> Aorta
Which parts of the pathways carry oxygenated blood? - Lungs, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Capillary
beds, Aorta
Which parts of the pathways carry de-oxygenated blood? - Right Atrium, Right Ventricle,
Pulmonary Artery
.
What is counter-current exchange/flow? Contrast it with co-current exchange. - Counter-Current:
Flow between water and blood vessels in filament
Co-Current: Flow is parallel and blood reaches equilibrium
How does counter-current flow allow blood to pick up more oxygen than co-current flow would?
(Know that animals use counter-current flow and not co-current flow.) - Blood becomes more
saturated as it moves opposite the water, but meets with fresher water the further it moves, allowing it
to continue gaining oxygen.
What is the Bohr shift? How is it adaptive for supplying tissues that are working hard with more oxygen?
- Low pH decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2, this is the Bohr shift. Where CO2 production
is greater (sites of activity) hemoglobin releases more O2 which can then be used to support more
cellular respiration
Q. Where does N-wastes come from? - Breaking down of proteins
Which of these nitrogenous wastes is least energetically expensive and most energetically expensive to
produce? - Least: Ammonia
Most: Uric acid
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