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Class Notes Biology 12
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Labeled, highlighted, summarized class notes. Chapter 5 of Biology 12.
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Chapter 5Key Terms
Calvin Cycle: Second stage of photosynthesis, utilizing ATP and NADPH to
convert CO2 into sugars.
Light-Dependent Reactions: The initial stage of photosynthesis, where water
molecules are split as light energy is absorbed, forming chemical energy in ATP
and NADPH.
Primary Electron Acceptor: A molecule capable of accepting electrons and
becoming reduced during photosynthesis.
Antenna Complex: Cluster of light-absorbing pigments in the thylakoid
membrane, transferring energy to special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction
center.
Reaction Center: Complex of proteins and pigments containing the primary
electron acceptor.
Absorption Spectrum: Plot depicting the amount of light energy of various
wavelengths absorbed by a substance.
Action Spectrum: Plot showing the effectiveness of light energy of different
wavelengths in driving a chemical process.
Photosystem I: Collection of pigment proteins, including chlorophyll a, absorbing
light at the 700 nm wavelength.
Photosystem II: Collection of pigment proteins, including chlorophyll a, absorbing
light at the 680 nm wavelength.
Photoreduction
In the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast organelle. Two photons (680nm wl)
hit photosystem II, two electrons excited —> Q —> P700 photosystem I. To replace
P680 e-, H2O → H2 + O2 (photolysis). Two photons (700nm wl) hit photosystem I,
excite two electrons —> Z —> ferredoxin. Ferredoxin redox NADP —> NADPH via
reductase, AKA noncyclic electron flow.
Chapter 5 1
, Paragraphs
Phosphorylation
In thylakoid membrane using stroma and lumen in the chloroplast. 2 photons of
light strike photosystems I and II (P700 and P680), ground state electrons pump
H+ from low → high. Through the concentration gradient, PMF (proton motive
force) causes hydrogen to → ATP synthase via chemiosmosis. ATP synthase
makes ATP. If high[] on NADP then non-cyclic photophosphorylation. If electron
transferred between Z and photosystem I then cyclic photophosphorylation.
Chapter 5 2
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