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Exam (elaborations)

NUR2474 Pharm Final Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

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NUR2474 Pharm Final Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

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  • September 8, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR2474
  • NUR2474
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NUR2474 Pharm Final Exam Questions
and Complete Solutions Graded A+
Half-life (t1/2) - Answer: time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated (affected by
metabolism and elimination)



Class: Traditional anti-epileptics: Hydantoins

Examples: Phenytoin - Answer: Treats: Seizures

Side Effects: dysrhythmias, hypotension, dizziness, hyperglycemia, drowsy, birth defects, gingival
hyperplasia

Considerations: mix with saline only, irritating to vein, can cause birth defects (class D), can interfere
with some hormonal types of birth control, narrow therapeutic range

Nursing Implications: get up slowly, fall precautions, do not use in pregnancy,

**GOOD ORAL CARE IS IMPORTANT (brushing and flossing), blood levels important

Interactions: gingko may decrease effectiveness



Beta 2 agonist - Answer: •Fight or Flight

•**OPENS AIRWAYS, Increase heart rate, increase BP, urinary retention, constipation

•Rescue Inhaler! USE FIRST!



•Ex: Albuterol ***short-acting

•Ex: Salmeterol ***long-acting (Serevent)



leukotrienes - Answer: •Take at night

•Empty stomach

•**PREVENTATIVE MEDICATION



•Ex: montelukast, zafirlukast

(Singulair)

,Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

Ex: Omeprazole ends in "prazole" - Answer: Action: blocks acid production and reduces acid secretion

Treats: ulcers, esophagitis, GERD

Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia

Considerations: use with caution in liver disease and children, increases risk of pneumonia, can take 1-2
weeks to become effective

Nursing: do not crush,

**ONCE A DAY PRIOR TO AM MEAL, avoid ETOH, avoid NSAIDs, notify PCP if more than 14 days
treatment



Methylxanthines (Theophylline) - Answer: •Last resort

•**INCREASES HEART RATE!!

•Avoid caffeine (chocolate, cola, coffee, etc)

•NO smoking!!!



•Ex: theophylline (stimulant)



Steroids: "sone" - Answer: (side effects are dependent on dose and duration)



Steroids - Answer: •Immunosuppression - **report low-grade fever (temp 100 F) report to the physician

•Increased risk of infection - teach prevention

•**Delayed wound healing

•Osteoporosis with fractures

•Stunting of growth in children

•Hyperglycemia

•Gastric/esophageal irritation, ulcers, bleeding

- **avoid concurrent NSAIDs, ASA, take on a full stomach, **may need a gastric acid suppressor

•Increased appetite, weight gain

, •CNS effects: insomnia, euphoria - **take in AM, regularly, avoid caffeine

•easy bruising, increased bleeding -

•Hypertension

•Tachycardia

•Moon face

•**MUST TAPER STEROIDS!!!



Steroidsend in SONE - Answer: •Reduce inflammation

•Lowers immune system- WASH HANDS

•Increases blood sugar

•Causes swelling/edema

•**Increase risk of bleeding/bruising

•**Taper off this medication



Steroids: prednisone, fluticasone, beclomethasone - Answer: •Preventive medication

•TAPER

•Lowers immune system, increases blood glucose, insomnia, weight gain, etc.

•**Rinse mouth after steroid inhalers



•Ex: prednisone, fluticasone, beclomethasone

(Medrol dose pack)



Loop Diuretic "ide" - Answer: Most potent -

Higher risk for dehydration and **hypokalemia



Examples - furosemide (Lasix),

torsemide

bumetanide (Bumex)

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