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Class notes Medical Terminology (HSC-1531)

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This document provides a comprehensive overview of key components in medical terminology, including suffixes, prefixes, word roots, and various clinical terms. It is designed to facilitate understanding and accurate application of medical language for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone ...

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  • September 8, 2024
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Suffixes - the word part attached at the end of the word that usually, but not always,
indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.

Prefixes - the word part attached at the beginning of the word that usually, but not
always, indicates location, time, number, or status

Word roots - the word parts usually, but not always, indicate the body part involved

● cyan/o means blue
● erythr/o means red
● leuk/o means white
● melan/o means black
● poli/o means gray


Suffixes related to Pathology:
● -algia means pain and suffering
● -dynia means pain
● -itis means inflammation
● -megaly means enlargement
● -malacia means abnormal softening
● -necrosis means tissue death
● -sclerosis means abnormal hardening
● -stenosis means abnormal narrowing


Suffixes related to Procedures:
● -centesis is a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to
remove excess fluid
● -graphy means producing a picture or record
● -gram means a picture or record
● -plasty means surgical repair
● -scopy means visual examination


The ‘’double R’’ Suffixes:
● -rrhage and -rrhagia mean bleeding
● -rraphy means surgical suturing to close a wound
● -rrhea means flow or discharge and refers to the flow of most bodily fluids

, ● Prenatal - time and events before birth
● Perinatal - time and events surrounding birth
● Postnatal - time and events after birth


Prefixes describing direction, quantity, size, and amount:


ab- away from, negative, absent ad- toward, to, in direction of

dextro- right side sinistro- left side

ex- out of, outside, away from in- in, into, not, without

macro- large, abnormal size, or long micro- small

mega- , megalo- large, great oligo- scanty, few

pre- before post- after, behind

dys- bad, difficult, painful
eu- good, normal, easy
hyper- excessive, increased
hypo- deficient, decreased
inter- between or among
intra- within or inside
sub- under, less, below
super- , supra- above or excessive


Sign - objective evidence of disease
Symptom - subjective evidence of a disease
Syndrome - a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific
disease process
Diagnosis - the identification of a disease
Differential diagnosis - an attempt to determine which one of several possible
diseases is causing the signs and symptoms present
Prognosis - a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease
Acute condition - rapid onset, severe course, relatively short duration
Chronic condition - long duration
Remission - the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a
disease without a cure

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