Emergency Care Chapters 1-8 Exam Questions &
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What are the structures and functions of the Musculoskeletal System? - ANSWER-
Structures : Bones joints muscles Functions: Skeleton supports and protects the body,
forms blood cells, and stores minerals. Muscles produce movement
What are the structures and functions in the Respiratory System? - ANSWER-
Structures: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larnyx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs Functions:
Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body
What are the structures and functions in the Cardiovascular System? - ANSWER-
Structures: Heart, Arteries, veins Functions: Pumps blood throughout the entire body to
transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste.
What are the structures and functions of the Blood System? - ANSWER-Structures:
Plasma , red plasma cells , white blood cell, platelets Functions: Transports oxygen,
protects against pathogens and promotes clotting to control bleeding
What are the structures and functions of the Lymphatic System? - ANSWER-Structures:
Tonsils/adenoids, Thymus gland, Spleen, Lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels Functions:
Helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body's immune
system
What are the structures and functions of the the Nervous System ? - ANSWER-
Structures: Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves Receives sensory information and coordinates
the body"s response
What are the structures and functions of the Digestive System? - ANSWER-Structures:
Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Liver,
Gallbladder, Pancreas Functions: Ingest, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body
What are the structures and functions of the Integumentary System? - ANSWER-
Structures: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat glands Functions: Forms protective barrier and aids
in temperature regulation
What are the structures and functions of the Endocrine System? - ANSWER-Structures:
Pituitary Gland, Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus gland, Adrenal
gland, Pancreas, Testes , Ovaries Functions: Regulates metabolic/hormonal activities of
the body
,What are the structures and functions of the Renal/Urinary Systems? - ANSWER-
Structures: Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra. Functions: Filters waste products
out of the blood and removes them from the body
What are the structures and functions of the Male Reproductive System ? - ANSWER-
Structures: Testes, Epididymis, Vas Deferens, Penis, Seminal Vesicles, Prostate gland
Functions: Produces sperm for reproduction
What are the structures and functions of the Female Reproductive System? - ANSWER-
Structures: Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, Vagina, Vulva, Breast Functions: Produces
eggs for reproduction and provides place and nutrients for a growing baby
How many Systems are in the Human Body? - ANSWER-12: Female Reproductive,
Male Reproductive, R
What are the 3 main functions in the musculoskeletal system? - ANSWER-1. Give the
body shape
2. Protect vital internal organs
3. provide for body movement
What is the difference in the respiratory anatomy in children compared to adults? -
ANSWER-1. Child has smaller nose and mouth
2. In child, more space is taken up by the tongue
3. Child trachea is narrower
4. Child's Cricoid cartilage is less rigid and less developed
5. Airway structures are more easily obstructed
The interactions to WHAT two systems is essential to life? - ANSWER-1. Respiratory
System
2. Cardiovascular System
What is the primary function of the red blood cells (RBC)? - ANSWER-To carry oxygen
to the tissues
What do white blood cells (WBC) do ? - ANSWER-They are involved in destroying
microorganisms (germs) and producing substances called antibodies, which help the
body resist infection.
What happens when platelets are activated? - ANSWER-They release chemical clotting
factors needed to form blood clots.
What are some Peripheral Pulses? - ANSWER-Pulses found on the outer reaches of
the body
Radial, Brachial, Posterior tibial, & Dorsalis pedis
What are some Central Pulses? - ANSWER-Carotid & Femoral Pulses
Can be felt in the central part of the body
,The force blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels is know as
________________ __________________. - ANSWER-Blood Pressure
The pressure created in the arteries by blood is called _______ ? - ANSWER-systolic
blood pressure
When the left ventricle of the heart is refilling , the pressure remaining in the arteries is
called ________? - ANSWER-diastolic blood pressure
What is perfusion? - ANSWER-The adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cells
of the body, with the removal of waste products.
Hypoperfusion also known as shock is a series condition. What happens in
hypoperfusion? - ANSWER-With hypoperfusion, there is inadequate circulation of blood
through one or more organs or structures.
When oxygen is present , glucose is converted in a process called
_________________? - ANSWER-Aerobic Metabolism
What does the Spleen do? - ANSWER-Cleanses blood and removes old red blood cells
The Thymus is necessary for the development of the _____________. - ANSWER-
Immune System
The _______ system is a collaboration of organs, tissues (nodes), thin-walled vessels,
and fluids that are found throughout the entire body - ANSWER-Lymphatic System
What are some Lymphoid organs? - ANSWER-adenoids, tonsils, spleen, and thymus
The ____________ system consist of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve tissue. -
ANSWER-Nervous System
The ________system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. - ANSWER-Central
Nervous System (CNS)
Where is the location of the spinal cord? - ANSWER-The spinal cord is located within
the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of two types of nerves. What are those
two types of nerves ? - ANSWER-Sensory and motor
The _______ nervous system is the division of the peripheral nervous system that
controls involuntary motor functions and affects such things as digestion and heart rate.
- ANSWER-Autonomic Nervous System
, The autonomic nervous system can be further broken down into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems. What are these systems? - ANSWER-Sympathetic:
referred to as "fight or flight" response. This system is engaged when the body is in
crisis. Heart will beat faster, lungs breathe deeper, and blood vessels constrict.
Parasympathetic : asserts an opposite effect. It is engaged in times of relaxation and is
often referred to as the "feed or breed" response. Cases increased blood flow to
digestive tract and to the reproductive organs. Can also cause heart to slow down and
blood vessels to dialate.
The _________ system provides the mechanisms by which food travels through the
body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms. - ANSWER-Digestive
System : Food enters the mouth , is broken down by saliva and chewing. The food
passes from mouth through the oropharynx and into the esophagus, where it is
transported to the stomach.
Nutrients are absorbed by the body through the wall of the _________ intestine. -
ANSWER-small intestine : Also there are 3 parts to the small intestine 1.duodenum 2.
jejunum 3. ileum
What does the large intestine do? - ANSWER-It removes water from waste products as
they move towards elimination from the body
What are the functions of the liver? - ANSWER-detoxifying harmful substances, storing
sugar , and assisting in the production of blood products.
What quadrant is the Appendix located in? - ANSWER-Right lower quadrant
What are the three major layers of the skin? - ANSWER-1. Epidermis- the outer layer
2. Dermis- the layer of skin below the epidermis
3. Subcutaneaous Layers- layers of fat and soft tissue below the dermis
The _________ system produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate
many body activities and functions - ANSWER-Endocrine System
What is a key organ of the endocrine system? - ANSWER-The pancreas because it
secretes the hormone insulin.
________________ are the principal organs of the renal system. - ANSWER-Kidneys
_________ system, helps the body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust
body pH. - ANSWER-Renal/Urinary System
__________ is a blood vessel that is carrying blood away from the heart. - ANSWER-
Artery
_________ is the largest artery in the body . - ANSWER-Aorta
