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Discovering the Life Span, 5th Edition Robert S. Feldman
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Discovering the Life Span, 5th Edition Robert S. Feldman
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TEST BANK For Discovering the Life Span, 5th EditionRobert S. Feldman
Psychosocial Development - ANSWER:According to Erikson, development that
encompasses changes both in the understanding individuals have of themselves as
members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others' behavior.
Initiative-Versus-Guilt Stage - ANSWER:According to Erikson, the period during which
children aged three and six years experience conflict b/w independence of action
and the sometimes negative results of that action.
Self-Concept - ANSWER:A person's identity, or set of beliefs about what one is like as
an individual.
Collectivistic Orientation - ANSWER:A philosophy that promotes the notion of
interdependence.
Individualistic Orientation - ANSWER:A philosophy that emphasizes personal identity
and the uniqueness of the individual.
Gender Identity - ANSWER:The perception of oneself as male or female.
Gender Schema - ANSWER:A cognitive framework that organizes information
relevant to gender.
Androgynous - ANSWER:A state in which gender roles encompass characteristics
thought typical of both sexes.
Functional Play - ANSWER:Play that involves simple, repetitive activities of typical
three-year-olds.
Constructive Play - ANSWER:Play in which children manipulate objects to produce or
build something.
Parallel Play - ANSWER:Action in which children play with similar toys, in a similar
manner, but do not interact with each other.
Onlooker Play - ANSWER:Action in which children simply watch others at play, but do
not actually participate themselves.
Associative Play - ANSWER:Play in which two or more children actually interact with
one another by sharing or borrowing toys or materials, although they do not do the
same thing.
, Cooperative Play - ANSWER:Play in which children genuinely interact with one
another, taking turns, playing games, or devising contests.
Authoritarian Parents - ANSWER:Parents who are controlling, punitive, rigid, and
cold, and whose word is law.
Permissive Parents - ANSWER:Parents who provide lax and inconsistent feedback
and require little of their children.
Authoritative Parents - ANSWER:Parents who are firm, setting clear and consistent
limits, but who try to reason with their children, giving explanations for why they
should behave in a particular way.
Uninvolved Parents - ANSWER:Parents who show almost no interest in their children
and indifferent, rejecting behavior.
Cycle of Violence Hypothesis - ANSWER:The theory that the abuse and neglect that
children suffer predispose them as adults to abuse and neglect their own children.
Psychological Maltreatment - ANSWER:Abuse that occurs when parents or other
caregivers harm children's behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical functioning.
Resilience - ANSWER:The ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high
risk for psychological or physical damage.
Moral Development - ANSWER:The changes in people's sense of justice and of what
is right and wrong, and in their behavior related to moral issues.
Prosocial Behavior - ANSWER:Helping behavior that benefits others.
Abstract Modeling - ANSWER:The process in which modeling paves the way for the
development of more general rules and principles.
Empathy - ANSWER:The understanding of what another individual feels.
Aggression - ANSWER:The intentional injury or harm to another person.
Emotional self-regulation - ANSWER:The capability to adjust emotions to a desired
state and level of intensity.
Instrumental Aggression - ANSWER:Aggression motivated by the desire to obtain a
concrete goal.
Relational Aggression - ANSWER:Nonphysical aggression that is intended to hurt
another person's feelings.
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