PN 125 Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
With Correct And Revised Answers
Anti-infectives therapeutic effects - answer✔✔The goal is interference with the normal function
of the invading organism to prevent it from reproducing and to cause cell death without affecting
host cells
What do anti-infectives do? - answer✔✔The goal of antiinfective therapy is the reduction of the
invading organisms to a point at which the human immune response can take care of the
infection
What is Chlamydia Trachomatis and which antibiotic treats it? - answer✔✔bacterium is most
commonly spread through vaginal, oral and anal sex. It's also possible for pregnant women to
spread chlamydia to their children during delivery, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection
in the newborns
-doxycycline and azithromycin
Education about anti-infectives, teaching patients - answer✔✔This drug is prescribed for treating
the particular infection that you have now. Do not use this drug to treat other infections.
This drug needs to be taken as prescribed—for the correct number of times each day and for the
full number of days. Do not stop taking the drug if you start feeling better. You need to take the
drug for the full number of treatment days to ensure that the infection has been destroyed.
Merrem drug related actions - answer✔✔an IV antibiotic from the carbapenem class of
antibiotics, inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls in susceptible bacteria. It is used to treat
intra-abdominal infections and some cases of meningitis caused by susceptible bacteria
Penicillin mechanism of action - answer✔✔Penicillin kills bacteria through binding of the beta-
lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell
wall formation
Why do we culture wounds? - answer✔✔To ensure the right drug of choice for patient
Why do we use Bactrim for UTI's? - answer✔✔Because of the emergence of resistant bacterial
strains and the development of newer antibiotics, the sulfa drugs are no longer used much.
However, they remain an inexpensive and effective treatment for UTIs and trachoma, especially
in developing countries and when cost is an issue
Gram Negative/ Aminoglycosides priorities - answer✔✔Ensure that the patient receives a full
course of aminoglycoside as prescribed, divided around the clock, to increase effectiveness and
decrease the risk for development of resistant strains of bacteria. Monitor the patient regularly
for signs of nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression to effectively arrange
for discontinuation of drug or decreased dose, as appropriate, if any of these toxicities occurs
Antibiotics that are selectively toxic? - answer✔✔-Vancomycin's use is reserved for special
situations as it may be highly toxic and can cause renal failure, ototoxicity, and superinfections.
-selective toxicity, which is the ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems used only by
the infecting organism but not by human cells. Because all living cells are somewhat similar, no
antiinfective drug has yet been developed that does not affect the host
Education for patient taking Rifampin for TB - answer✔✔-Try to drink a lot of fluids and to
maintain nutrition (very important) even though nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur.
-Use barrier contraceptives, and understand that hormonal contraceptives may not be effective if
antimycobacterials are being used.
-Understand that normally some of these drugs impart an orange stain to body fluids. If this
occurs, the fluids may stain clothing and tears may stain contact lenses.
-Report difficulty breathing, hallucinations, numbness and tingling, worsening of condition,
fever and chills, or changes in color of urine or stool
Nursing Diagnosis for patient education - answer✔✔
Gentamicin adverse effects/nursing priorities - answer✔✔-can cause severe renal damage and
ototoxicity. In addition, the drug may cause bone marrow depression and respiratory depression
-preventing or delaying the development of resistance. This can be done by ensuring that the
particular antiinfective agent is the drug of choice for the specific pathogen involved and that it is
given in high enough doses for sufficiently long periods to rid the body of the pathogen
Priority teaching for patient and ciprofloxacin - answer✔✔-Take safety precautions, including
changing position slowly and avoiding driving and hazardous tasks, if CNS effects occur.
-Try to drink a lot of fluids and to maintain nutrition (very important), although nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea may occur.
-Avoid ultraviolet light and sun exposure, using protective clothing and sunscreens.
-Report difficulty breathing, severe headache, severe diarrhea, severe skin rash, fainting spells,
and heart palpitations, tendon pain, or weakness
Antibiotic resistance - answer✔✔the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic
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