NURA 221 Exam 2 Questions With Correct And Revised Answers
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Course
NURA 221
Institution
NURA 221
NURA 221 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
And Revised Answers
What is the neurotransmitter released by all presynaptic neurons at the ganglia and at synapse of
the postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic nerves? - answerAcetylcholine
What is the neurotransmitters associated with the sympatheti...
NURA 221 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
And Revised Answers
What is the neurotransmitter released by all presynaptic neurons at the ganglia and at synapse of
the postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic nerves? - answer✔✔Acetylcholine
What is the neurotransmitters associated with the sympathetic nerves? They are released at the
synapse of the post synaptic neuron. - answer✔✔Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Dopamine
These are drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking the effects of
the PNS neurotransmitter actylcholine. - answer✔✔Cholinergic Meds
Cholinergic meds are also known as? - answer✔✔Parasympathomimetics
What are the two receptors involved in cholinergic meds? - answer✔✔Nicotinic and Muscarinic
These cholinergic receptors are located in both the SNS and PNS postganglionic neurons and
skeletal muscles - answer✔✔Nicotinic
These cholinergic receptors are located in the PNS target organs except for the heart. -
answer✔✔Muscarinic
Stimulation of what receptors that occurs with low doses of cholinergics produces the desired
drug effects. - answer✔✔Muscarinic
Stimulation of what receptors that occurs with high doses of cholinergics produces the side
effects and adverse effects? - answer✔✔Nicotinic
______-acting cholinergic agonists bind to the receptors to activate them mimicking
acetylcholine. - answer✔✔Direct
_____-acting cholinergic agonists inhibit the enzyme acetylchoinesterase which results in more
acetylcholine being available at the receptors. - answer✔✔Indirect
There are two types of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs: reversible and irreversible. True or
False - answer✔✔True
The type of indirect-acting cholinergic drug binds to cholinesterase for a period of minutes to
hours. - answer✔✔Reversible
The type of indirect-acting cholinergic drug creates a covalent bond with cholinesterase and the
body must make more new copies of the enzyme to break the bonds. - answer✔✔Irreversible
What direct acting cholinergic drug is usually used to treat glaucoma and reduces the intraocular
pressure build up in the eye? - answer✔✔Pilocarpine
This direct acting cholinergic drug increases the tone and motility of the bladder and GI tract,
relaxes the sphincters in the bladder and GI tract allowing them to empty. -
answer✔✔Urecholine
What is the antidote to cholinergics? - answer✔✔Atropine
This is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies block acetylcholine receptors so the person
doesn't have acetylcholine available in the body. S/Sx: Muscle weakness, dysphagia, diplopia,
eyelid drooping. - answer✔✔Myasthenia gravis
If we see a pt come in with hyperthermia and psychosis what plant should we consider that the
patient has consumed? It is a hallucinogenic plant in which the patient is basically OD on
atropine. - answer✔✔Jimson Weed
One of the causes of Alzheimer's is not having enough acetylcholine. True or False -
answer✔✔True
Has the use of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs been effective in treating alzheimer's? -
answer✔✔No mildly effective
These are drugs that block or inhibit actions of ACh in the PSNS. - answer✔✔Cholinergic
Blockers(anticholinergics)
What is the mechanism of action for anticholinergics? It fights with ACh for binding to the
muscarinic receptors in the PNS allowing for the sympathetic NS to dominate. -
answer✔✔Competitivie Antagonist
Anticholinergics relax the detrusor muscle and inc. the constriction of the internal sphincter of
the GU system. True or False - answer✔✔True
Are older people more sensitive to the effects of anticholinergics? - answer✔✔Yes
What anticholinergic is used primarily for CV disorders like sinus node dysfunction, second
degree heart block, and severe sinus bradycardia with hemodynamic compromise. -
answer✔✔Atropine
Would you want to administer atropine in a pt who has one of the following: glaucoma, pyloric
stenosis, or BPH - answer✔✔NO
The use of anticholinergics would be indicated for patients with what type of GI issues? -
answer✔✔IBS and Spastic Colon
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