NSG 210 Metabolism/Nutrition Test
Review with complete solutions
what happens to the endocrine system as you age (older population
manifestations) - ANSWER- dont produce as much estrogen (osteoporosis),
metabolism slows down (manifestations- adjust med dosages, lower body temp,
more prone to obesity because of slowed metabolsim), lower energy levels, poor
nutrition, older people have an increase in ADH, so they urinate more, more prone
to dehydration (due to peeing more and not drinking as much)
why do older adults have a slower metabolism? - ANSWER- older adults can not
heal as well because they cannot tolerate glucose as well
what does the thyroid hormone control - ANSWER- metabolism
What is Grave's disease? (signs and symptoms - ANSWER- hyperthyroidism
S&S- nervousness, bulging eyes (exophthalmos), weight loss, cardiac
dysrhythmias, increased appetite, tremors, skin is flushed, heat intolerance,
increase BP and HR
treatment for hyperthyroidism - ANSWER- thyroidectomy, radioactive 1311
therapy
meds: beta-blockers, sodium or potassium iodine solutions, dexamethasone,
propylthiouracil and methimazole
what to consider for patients after thyroidectomy? - ANSWER- airway patency,
bleeding, positioned in semi-flowers, be prepared for airway complications,
increase in symptoms initially (can also happen after radiation therapy), make
sure pt can still talk, watch for low calcium and phosphorous and tetany in case
damage to the parathyroid gland
what stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones? - ANSWER- TSH
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
, lab findings for hyperthyroidism - ANSWER- elevated TSH (if caused by pituitary),
decreased TSH (if problem is the thyroid gland), T3 and T4 would be increased
what is hypothyroidism - ANSWER- decrease in thyroid hormones, could be
caused by thyroid gland or pituitary, decrease in TSH, decrease in T3 and T4,
what happens if we dont treat hypothyroidism - ANSWER- poor development in
children (failure to thrive, intellectual disabilities), can also cause heart issues
symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWER- cold intolerance, bradycardia,
increased weight, fatigue,
meds for hypothyroidism - ANSWER- levothyroxine, Synthroid (TSH)
What is myxedema coma - ANSWER- life threatening condition that occurs if
hypothyroidism is not treated, s&s hypothermic, coma, hypotension, severe
bradycardia, decreased respirations, hypoventilation, low O2 stats, lactic acid
build up, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia
what is acromegaly - ANSWER- Rare condition resulting from excess secretion of
growth hormone (GH). almost always caused by tumors
whats the difference between acromegaly and gigantism - ANSWER- gigantism is
before the growth plates have closed/ before adolescence
acromegaly is after the growth plates have closed/ after adolescence
treatment for acromegaly - ANSWER- removal of tumor, growth hormone
antagonist, lanreotide, octreotide, somatostatin
How many parathyroid glands are there and where are they located? - ANSWER-
4 and on the posterior side of thyroid
what are the hormones produced by the parathyroid - ANSWER- parathyroid
hormone which regulates the calcium and phosphorous levels.
when calcium level decreases, phosphorous levels - ANSWER- increase
hypercalcemia - ANSWER- thyroid gland releases calcitonin which sends calcium
to the bones, kidneys, and intestines
