NCE Theories of Counseling & Helping Relationships
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Course
NCE
Institution
NCE
NCE Theories of Counseling & Helping
Relationships
Sigmund Freud - answerFather of Psychoanalysis
(originally worked with Adler, Jung, and Viennese neurologist [re: talking cure])
Alfred Adler - answerFather of Individual Psychology
Gustav Jung - answerfounded Analytic Psychology
Joseph Breue...
Freud's topographic notion that the mind is like an iceberg with 2 states: - answer✔✔conscious
unconscious
Incomplete parent (according to TA) - answer✔✔person expects others to parent him or uses
lack of parenting as an excuse for poor behavior.
Resolution of Freud's Oedipus complex leads to the development of the superego, which is
accomplished by - answer✔✔identifying with the same sex parent (also called aggressor)
transference - answer✔✔projecting feelings toward the therapist that the client originally felt
toward a significant other person in their life.
ego - answer✔✔executive administrator of the personality
(seen as the Child in TA)
-acts as a police officer to control impulses of the id (aka instincts, or the Child) and the superego
(conscience, or the Parent)
-also called 'reality principle' and houses individual's identity
Thanatos - answer✔✔Greek for 'death'
(i.e., 'Thanatologists study death')
Eros - answer✔✔Greek god of 'love of life'
Freudians use it also to mean 'self-preservation'
Pleasure principle - answer✔✔the id
Reality principle - answer✔✔the ego
Ego ideal - answer✔✔the superego
(the perfect self that the person judges himself against)
Free association - answer✔✔analytic technique, instructing the client to say whatever comes to
mind.
Paraphrasing - answer✔✔whenever a counselor restates a client's message in the counselor's
own words.
The superego strives for _____ rather than _____ like the id. - answer✔✔perfection, pleasure
The superego - answer✔✔composed of values, morals, and ideals of parents, caretakers, and
society
id - answer✔✔chaotic and has no sense of time
(pleasure principle - 'I want it NOW')
Jospeh Wolpe - answer✔✔developed 'systematic desensitization' to weaken a client's response to
anxiety-producing stimuli
Systematic desensitization - answer✔✔systematic paradigm that lessens one's anxiety to a
stimuli through gradual exposure to it
(form of behavior therapy based on Pavlov's classical conditioning)
Manifest content of dreams - answer✔✔surface meaning of a dream
Latent content of dreams - answer✔✔hidden meaning of a dream
Dream work - answer✔✔consists of deciphering the hidden meaning (latent) of a dream
(through symbolism) so the individual is aware of unconscious motives, impulses, desires, and
conflicts.
Some counselors feel transference is actually a form of projection, displacement, and repetition
in which client treats counselor in same manner as he would an _______ _____from the past. -
answer✔✔authority figure.
Insight - answer✔✔novel sudden understanding of a problem.
Psychoanalysts believe a client who is resistant will be reluctant to bring unconscious ideas into
the conscious mind. - answer✔✔Nonanalytic counselors use the term 'resistant' to describe
clients who are fighting the helping process in any manner.
Little Albert - answer✔✔a famous case, John Watson (pioneer of American Behaviorism) in
1920 - toddler made to fear white furry things
Little Hans - answer✔✔gave Little Albert study a psychoanalytic explanation.
Daniel Paul Schreber - answer✔✔-ex mental patient who spent 9 years in hospital
-wrote Memoirs of a Mental Patient (1903)
-'most quoted case in modern Psychiatry'
Psychodynamic therapy - answer✔✔contasts psychoanalysis:
-utilizes fewer sessions per week
-doesn't utilize a couch, performed face-to-face
(makes use of analytic principles but relies on fewer sessions)
Catharsis - answer✔✔talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions in a curative process
Abreaction - answer✔✔similar to catharsis in that emotions are purged, but when the emotional
outburst is very powerful and/or violent.
Accurate empathy - answer✔✔counselor can truly understand what the client is feeling or
experiencing
Reflection of emotional content - answer✔✔accomplished when the counselor restates the
client's verbalization in such a manner that the client becomes more aware of his emotions.
Rogerians do not emphasize _____ or giving ____. - answer✔✔diagnosis, advice.
Id, ego, superego is to structural theory as _______, _____, _____ are to topographical theory. -
answer✔✔unconscious, preconscious, and conscious
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